justice revised

Student’s nameInstructorCourseDate Justice
The five main goals of punishment are; restoration, deterrence, restitution, incapacitation, and retribution. Deterrence is frightening the defendant to prevent the occurrence of future crimes while incapacitation is removing the defendant from the public to prevent future crimes. Rehabilitation is modifying the behaviors of the defendant through therapy, educational and vocational training. Retribution is preventing the occurrence of future crimes by eliminating the urge for personal revenge. Restitution is punishing the defendant financially to prevent the occurrence of future crimes. This is where the defendant is ordered to pay for any damages they have caused against the victim (Travis & Edwards 279).
The seven sentencing structures are; imprisonment, probation, fine, absolute discharge, conditional discharge, suspended and intermittent sentence (Bottoms et al. 38)
Determinate sentencing is where the offender is given a compulsory, permanent term of confinement. The indeterminate sentence is a verdict imposed for a crime without a fixed period (Demleitner et al. 77).
The three strikes laws ensure that criminals charged with the third felony are sentenced for a long time. These laws are popular, widely spread and they generate passion on both sides. California’s law is considered the toughest as one can be sentenced to 25years or even life imprisonment if one is out of the ‘third strike’ (Samaha 80)
Probation is an order given by court either to do or not to do particular things for a specified period.

The probation officers carry out an investigation, supervise the sentenced offenders, hold meetings with delinquents to evaluate their progress, and they decide the best punishment for an offender (Canton 32). The model panel code in the United States acts as a guideline to help in regulating criminal law processes to correspond with the present logical judgment (Dubber 2).
A habitual offender is a person presumed to be a danger to the society because they have been sentenced repeatedly for criminal behavior.
Rehabilitation-teaching of new life skills which are beneficial. Restitution-helping them repair for the damages they have caused. Responsibility-teaching them that choices have consequences. Restoration-repairing of broken relationships. (Travis & Edwards 290).
Jails hold inmates for a short period while they await trial or when serving a short sentence while prisons are designed for long-term punishments. The federal prisons hold violent offenders while the state prisons hold non-violent offenders (Levan 5).
The prisons today are overcrowded, and the death penalty is still used. There is gang activity, ill-treatment and some offenders lose their lives during the imprisonment period. The rules of imprisonment are that the offender should be judged justly according to the 8th amendment.
The offenders have a right to fair treatment and good living conditions while in prison. These rights are reasonable because the inmates are human beings regardless of the offenses they make. Most inmates are sexually harassed, live in overcrowded areas and are unfairly judged. According to the 8th amendment, the offenders should be treated and judged fairly.
The Robinson vs. California case was the first to apply the 8th amendment which forbids cruelty and unfair punishment. The Court stated that imprisoning a person with an illness or narcotic addiction was against the 8th amendment.it was argued that the state was not in any position of punishing a person with addiction status.
The 8th amendment forbids the federal government from giving offenders; unusual punishment, excessive bail, excessive fines and being cruel to them. The model sentencing Act focuses on the wants and conditions of the criminal and protection of the public from dangerous criminals.
The laws of conduct which show the morals and customs of the societal system (Siegel &Worrall 533).
The role of the inmates is to correct their behavior, obey prison rules and serve their sentence.
Treatment modalities in prison include; counseling, education programs, work programs, and community-based treatment programs. The juvenile justice system deals with cases like; abuse, neglect, criminal and status offense delinquency cases.
The casework style of supervision. The supervision style ensures offenders are assisted when issues arise, during counseling and working to ensure they complete successfully (Canton 40).
Works Cited
Bottoms, Anthony E. Alternatives to Prison. Willan Publ, 2013.
Canton, Rob. Probation: Working With Offenders. 2013.
Demleitner, Nora V, et al. Sentencing Law and Policy: Cases, Statutes, and Guidelines. 2018.
Dubber, Markus D. An Introduction to the Model Penal Code. Oxford UP, 2015.
Levan, Kristine. Prison Violence: Causes, Consequences and Solutions. 2017.
Samaha, Joel. Criminal Law. 2016.
Siegel, Larry J., and John L. Worrall. Introduction to Criminal Justice. 2016.
Travis, Lawrence F, and Bradley D. Edwards. Introduction to Criminal Justice. 2015.