NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL approches for pain management

NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR PAIN MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
When someone is diagnosed with a life-threatening or a serious illness, at any time of the lifetime, one of the first things that bring fear and stress in the patient life is the pain. Indeed, this is the first question that the caregiver and the patient commonly ask. It is normal that human being fears pain than even the main illness that a specific patient is suffering from, in fact, most people would wish them; friends, relatives and their partners rather die than suffer from intense pain in their watch. There are different methods to manage pain but the commonly know is through medication where a class of drugs referred as Opioids are commonly administered. The common opioids drugs are but not limited to; fentanyl and heroin. These drugs have side effects that are sometimes short-term or long-term, these effects include; liver and brain damage and sometimes addiction. However, medication is not the only available option for pain management about palliative care; there are non-pharmacological of non-drug pain management that are best and have zero side effects on the patient lives.
Keywords: Pain management, chronic pain, non-pharmacological treatments, nervous system

Introduction
With the vast use of opioids medication as the main option of pain management, there is a rise in the overdose deaths; recent findings indicated that addictive medicines like morphine or oxycodone don’t have to be necessarily the first choice for a chronic headache.

The research further suggested that opioids bear no additional advantage over the non-opioid or any quality or function with a patient who has chronic pain; instead, the findings demonstrated that these drugs have other side effects that may harm the life of the patient in the later day (Shearer & Trim, 2016). However, there is no cause for alarm or worry for a patient with pain since an alternative method which is the best is fully upheld, this alternative is the use of the non-pharmacological approach to pain management, it includes; physical therapy, massage, acupuncture among others.
Several studies carried out with the aim of a non-pharmacological intervention for pain and depression have successfully commenced in an inpatient environment or setting (Marc, et al, 2009). The main response included; Chrono therapeutic, behavioral activation and psychotherapies, and revealed that it is possible to include depressed inpatients in a complete structured intervention in an inpatient setting. These findings reported favorable results for the response as opposed to control. However, methodological issues remain common (Andronis et al. 2017). In this review, a diverse range of strategies treatment has been identified. This study also provided evidence; those treatments which are non-pharmacological for depression can be administered to enhance research and outcome done in inpatient settings.
Research has it that, opioids act on the nervous system to stop sending senses thereby reducing pain but not getting rid of the pain. Non-pharmacological approaches, on the other hand, reduce pain in labor, when used as an option in-hospital pain management strategy, it provides a useful benefit to women and infants without causing harm. There are some reasons why emergency and Para medicine care practice has recently been moving in the same direction of advanced pharmacological approaches for the management of pain in a chronic and acute situation (Fortin, et al. 2013). Although paramedic practice if more focused on pharmacological approaches to relieve pain, research suggests that more non-pharmacological intervention still has an important role in pain management.

Reference
Andronis, L., Kinghorn, P., Qiao, S., Whitehurst, D. G., Durrell, S., & McLeod, H. (2017). Cost-effectiveness of non-invasive and non-pharmacological interventions for low back pain: a systematic literature review. Applied health economics and health policy, 15(2), 173-201.
Fortin, M., Chouinard, M., Bouhali, T., Dubois, M., Gagnon, C., & Bélanger, M. (2013). Evaluating the integration of chronic disease prevention and management services into primary health care. BMC Health Services Research, 13(1), 1-13. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-132
Marc, I., Rainville, P., Masse, B., Dufresne, A., Verreault, R., Vaillancourt, L., & Dodin, S. (2009). Women’s Views Regarding Hypnosis for the Control of Surgical Pain in the Context of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal Of Women’s Health (15409996), 18(9), 1441-1447. doi:10.1089/jwh.2008.1015
Shearer, H. M., & Trim, A. (2016). An unusual presentation and outcome of complex regional pain syndrome: a case report. Journal Of The Canadian Chiropractic Association, 50(1), 20-26.