Psychosocial Problems Associated With The Suicidal Trend In Young People

Psychosocial problems associated with the suicidal trend in young people

Suicide in adolescence is a public health problem that affects the social, affective and/or economic field of family and friends. The main causes of death in young people are: vehicular accidents, homicides and suicides, with major prevalences in men than in women.

Various investigations have identified prior stages to consummated suicide, such as suicidal ideation, which is the idea of taking their lives, thoughts of lack of value or desire for death, and suicidal attempts in which death is not necessarily sought (sometimes they existother motivations such as trying to win something or punish someone). These investigations allow to know the problem of suicidal behavior in adolescent population and identify risk factors.

Interpersonal problems in the school context and suicide

The link between interpersonal problems in the school environment such as harassment, violence and suicide has been considerably expanded, since the amount of these phenomena increases. In this regard, the results of the studies show the same hypothesis of suicide ideation being a victim or victimizer, as well as the increase in suicidal ideation in the male gender.

Along these lines, the analyzes refer that the presence of social discouragement present in the dynamics of bully. Thus, socially more hopeless young people have a greater risk of manifesting suicidal ideas. Another important component is the alteration in the behavior of the people involved from the biological, social, psychological and behavioral spheres, which makes the existence intolerable in both those in which they intimidate and in those who are intimidated.

Psychological variables and suicide

According to most literary works, the variables that precede suicide are of a psychological nature. Taking into account the above, depressive self-concepts and symptoms appear as a prognosis of suicidal ideation. For this reason, low self – esteem and high levels of depression explain this in young people. For this reason it is considered that depression is the clearest concept to explain the presence of suicidal ideation in women unlike men, since in them the social dimension of self-concept is the determining factor. Apart from what has been said above, other studies realize that anxious states, low self – esteem and poor communication are variable intervening in the phenomenon of suicide.

“It is considered that more than 50% of the adolescents who commit suicide, suffer greater depression, of these, 25% make a suicide attempt at some point in their life and 15% finally commit suicide. Depression with or without anxiety disorders, is associated by 43% to 76% of cases. A study conducted with high school students at the University of Guanajuato in 2003 showed that half of the respondents (51%) reported having felt depressed at least once in the previous week and 40% said they felt only. In that same work 8.3% of respondents confessed to having tried to commit suicide. The prevalence of severe depression in children with suicidal ideas reported in the Miranda and collaborators study in 2009 was 27.3%, they also found a high percentage of suicidal ideation in school children (29.two%). Depression leads to a distorted vision of the world, negative thoughts about itself, about generalization, excessive self-criticism, low tolerance to frustration and low self – esteem, situations that make young people more vulnerable to generate suicidal thoughts and behaviors, togetherTo this have a family in which they feel excluded ".

Domestic violence, sexual abuse and suicide

The link between domestic violence, sexual abuse and suicidal attempt, as indicators of emotional discomfort today are aspects to highlight in the study of the predominant factors for ideation and suicidal act. Studies that focus more on these issues, refer that women are victims of domestic violence and sexual abuse with greater continuity than men (with a small difference). In this sense, some authors emphasize that the majority of women who live these situations have been reported as long -term effects such as;Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, suicide ideation and attempt, emotional insensitivity, headaches, gastrointestinal disorders, sexual dysfunctions, alcohol or drug dependence, posterior sexual victimization and abuse by the couple, and self-the self-the behavior.

The adolescent population exposed to these traumatic events such as being a victim of domestic violence and/or sexual abuse is inclined to suicide attempt, as well as consummate suicide. According to the above these two variables are predictors of utmost importance in people who are partially considered suicidal.

Causes and risk factors for suicidal ideas

There is knowledge about some risk causes and factors that can increase in a person the development of suicidal ideas. Some professionals in the field of mental health explain the causes of misfit thought.

Although suicidal ideas are not inherited, genetic factors are related to mental health conditions that can be inherited by biological parents. The probability that a person has suicidal ideas may depend on their genetic background if any, since it has been proven with cases of families with a history of depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety. Another closely related factor is the physicist in which studies have determined that people who have suicidal ideas have an imbalance in the neurotransmitters of the brain. These neurotransmitters have the function of transmitting messages throughout the body, in addition to regulating emotions and moods. If neurotransmitters have not reached homeostasis, the person’s mood can destabilize, which could promote the diagnosis of a mental illness. When this is the case, it is possible that the person present suicidal ideas if such disease includes suicidal ideation as a symptom, and finally there is the environmental factor that indicates that each person who experiences stress, abuse, abandonment or loses a beingDear, they can be depressed and thus think about suicide, on the other hand, people who are not able to regulate their stress or do not have a person who helps them can also develop suicidal ideas if these factors are very continuous in their daily lives.

On the other hand, “suicide in youngeducators and parents, in order to avoid possible possible cases of suicide at any age. According to the background, suicidal behavior is linked to depression, sexual abuse, family dysfunction, situations that are not always easy to identify because a child or a teenager has not yet developed the mechanisms to manage frustration and have aAdequate conflict resolution, this is how the family environment is decisive in the formation of suicidal thoughts and ideas, and in which they are carried out, even as an attempt that is not completed. There are situations in which this population uses the threat of suicide as manipulation, but finally ends up putting its life at risk. It is of vital psycho-educational importance about risk factors and protectors to prevent suicidal behavior.

In recent years, suicide has suffered an increase at the expense mainly of younger populations, and is considered a very important public health problem, but to a large extent, which causes “almost half of all violent deaths and translatesIn almost one million victims a year, in addition to an economic costs encrypted in billions of dollars, ”according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The estimates made indicate that in 2020 the victims could amount to 1.53 million and from 10 to 20 times more people will make suicide attempts, that is approximately one death every 20 seconds and an attempt every 1-2 seconds. As a public health problem, suicide has acquired special relevance in recent decades. Suicidal behaviors in children and adolescents are defined as "the concern, attempt or act that intentionally seeks to cause harm to themselves". It can be understood as a spectrum that encompasses suicidal ideas and desires. Analysis supports the hypothesis that there is a true increase in this phenomenon from 1950 to date among adolescents and young adults of the European and North American population. Suicide is the third cause of death among young Americans. Likewise, in Latin America the greatest incidence of suicidal behavior is presented in young people between 15 and 19 years of age.

This increase makes the development of effective prevention programs necessary, requiring the clear identification of the risk factors of suicidal behavior. Literature on adult suicide is abundant, as well as descriptive and epidemiological data in this regard. The same does not happen with the literature on suicide in children and adolescents, although in this last population group some efforts have been made to understand the phenomenon. There is even a limited production of systematic information based on evidence on the optimal treatment of the child or suicidal adolescent. As risk factors associated with suicidal behavior in children and adolescents, due depression has been found in the most part to the difficulty in facing frustration, family dysfunction, sexual abuse, non -satisfaction of basic needs and abuse. Since there is a higher prevalence of suicide attempts at lower age educators and parents must know the risk factors that young people can present and detection and intervention strategies must increase.

This review aims to determine some aspects of suicide and identify risk factors and prepare to face this phenomenon that is increasingly important due to its prevalence. The suicidal process begins at the moment when thoughts begin to take their lives, it goes through the realization of the first suicidal attempts, with a gradual increase in the lethality of the attempt, until it is achieved;That is, suicide, which includes suicidal ideas and desires, suicidal behaviors without the result of death suicidal attempts and consumed suicides, thus a progressive sequence is established. It is possible that previous manifestations occur with attitudes of escape, revenge, altruism or risk search, a tendency to perceive as a loser, low tolerance to frustration, difficulty resolving conflicts, hopelessness and abandonment.

The most important adaptation for young suicide is the antecedent of a previous suicide attempt;Additionally, it has been associated with depression, use of substances, the loss of a relative or friend for suicide, they have easy access to firearms, the female gender, be a victim or generator of violence, single -parent families especially with the absence of the father,Narcissistic or antisocial personality traits, poverty, interrelation problems, physical or sexual abuse, limited adaptive abilities, eating disorders, vital stressful events such as loss of a significant person or a pet, problems with legal or school authority, change ofaddress, perception by the young man of lack of family support or in general intrafamily conflicts, neuropsychological alterations such as executive functions, verbal fluidity, logical reasoning, mediated by language. These types of protective factors stand out for feeling emotionally (adequate self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-concept) and having a narrow and difficult family relationship (family functionality).

In relation to sexual abuse, problems such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, ideation and suicide attempt, emotional insensitivity, headaches, gastrointestinal disorders, sexual dysfunctions, alcohol addiction and psychoactive substances and psychoactive substances have been reported as long -term effects., later sexual victimization and abuse by the couple. It has been established that depressive discomfort and suicidal ideation were significantly more frequent in women who had been victims of sexual abuse, and in men and women who had already tried to commit suicide ”.

“Individual factors (ontogenic development). Depression is found as a factor of greatest risk for suicide and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Also addictions, mainly drugs and alcohol, are associated with suicidal behavior. Family factors (microsystem). Belong to families with low levels of union, present conflicts with father and mother, witness family discussions due to economic problems, unemployment, antecedent of suicidal behavior in a close relative, among others, enable suicidal ideation and attempt. Ecosystem factors. It refers to ‘social structures’ as school, where he lives, how he perceives his environment, whether or not it is violent. Macrosystem factors. Outer layer implies culture and beliefs. Establish gender roles and other pre -designed behaviors ”.

We can conclude suicide as one of the factors that include the most risk because people have taken this very normal fact, causing themselves harm themselves to believe that they have solved a part of the problem and in which they always fall because they do not find, do not see other outputs for the issue that torments them in such a way that it leads them to harm or not want to live. This is a serious problem, since the majority of young population and in the worst cases are seen in a state of vulnerability. What the professional in charge of mental health is trying to do, is to focus on those young people, conducting quantitative and empirical research and research that aims to analyze the youth population that has most suicidal attempts and those that have been carried out andOn the other hand, compare them with those who have not had any attempts and the contexts of each group, in order to know what factor to intervene.

References

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