see question below

Name
Professor
Course
Date
Personal Constructs
The world people live in is the same for everyone, but people tend to perceive and experience it in different ways. As a result, individuals often develop personal constructs concerning how events unveil or how they are expected to unveil. Through such constructs, individuals try to make sense of their experiences and observations (Bannister, Donald & John 59). George Kelly, a psychologist, describes personality to be composed of a variety of mental constructs by which every individual develops a perception of reality. According to Kelly, people formulate a set of personal constructs, upon which they base mental representations that they use in to interpret events.
It is evident that we tend to see others in different ways that are distorted by our experiences, wishes, and needs. Such misperceptions often prove to be the base of conflicts, arguments, and wars since our actions follow our perceptions making us generate a response in kind if at all we perceive other people as evil and act accordingly (Bannister, Donald & John 59). Some circumstances, for instance, the conflict in Vietnam can be argued to have had been a consequence of misperception resulting in war. Every human behavior rests on psychological behaviors, and differing perceptions lead to arguments.
At the international level, until recently, Soviet foreign policy and the United States knew each other well and accurately judged their respective antagonistic interests.

This depicts that realistic conflicts are based on clashes of interests. Perception plays a big role in every phase of conflict. Bannister, Donald, and John report that Perceptual awareness of another party or individual transforms the structure of conflict into a situation (59). On the other hand, the perception of another party’s or individual’s will, capabilities or interests usually underlies the instigation of conflict behavior. It is of an essence to consider balancing interests and correcting misperceptions to do away with arguments which would arouse conflict or war among individuals or nations. Embracing the above bold steps helps to make a step further towards achieving peace and harmony.
Maslow and Rodgers are two psychologists who began the school of psychology called humanism in the early 1950s. The two humanistic psychologists tended to have positive perspectives on human nature focusing on the human ability to rationally and consciously think as well as control the biological urges to enable them to achieve their full potential (Bannister, Donald & John, 59). In the humanistic view, people have the responsibility for their lives and actions and have the will and freedom to change their behavior and attitudes.
Rodgers’ theory of personality development was based on humanistic psychology as well as subjective experience theories believing that people exist in a continually changing world of experiences and that an individual reacts to changes in different ways. He believed that every behavior of an individual is motivated by self-actualizations and due to individual interaction with the environment, they can form self-concept. According to Bannister, Donald and John, a positive self-concept makes one feel good about who they are as well as see the world as a positive and safe place (59). The reverse applies to negative self-concept.
Abraham Maslow, on the other hand, suggested that once individuals have satisfied their basic needs, they tend to strive for the realization of their full potential. Both the psychologists tended to concentrate on the qualities making humans unique among other animals. Both the psychologists were optimistic in their effort for human personality development since they worked to initiate a psychological school that would ensure humans get a better development of their personality (Bannister, Donald & John, 59). Psychodynamic theories based on clinical case studies tend to seek the best actions needed to be taken for efficient human personality development.
Conclusively, every individual develops different personal constructs that affect the way they perceive the world, and thus this can lead to arguments that may result in conflicts and wars. It is imperative to embrace the steps that would lead to reducing such confrontations for peace and harmony.
Work Cited
Bannister, Donald, and John Miller Mitchell Mair. The evaluation of personal constructs. Academic Press, 1968.