Sexual Diversity And Gender Orientation

Sexual diversity and gender orientation

What is sexual development

The term adolescence derives from the Latin "adolescere" which means "grow towards adulthood". As we know, it is the change between puberty ("they start between 8 years and 13 for girls and boys between 10 and 15 years") and adolescence ("it has been traditionally defined by the World Organization of theHealth as the period between 10 and 19 years of age ”) where biological, psychological and intellectual change occurs, taking into account that each person develops at their own pace.

In puberty the process of biological changes is carried out, in which the body of the child becomes adolescents, taking into account that hormonal changes trigger the physical changes that transform our body.

Female changes:

• Increase weight and height.
• Possible acne (due to hormones).
• Breasts develop.
• The genitals swell and obscure.
• Hips widen.
• The reproductive capacity begins, its first menstruation begins.
• The hair appears in the armpits and legs, the pubic hair also grows.

Male changes:

• Possible acne (due to hormones).
• The voice fails and becomes more serious.
• The shoulders widen.
• The testicles and the penis increase in size.
• Increase weight and height.
• The hands and feet increase in size.
• Reproductive capacity and ejaculation begin.

  Wait! Sexual Diversity And Gender Orientation paper is just an example!

  Get an unique paper

• Facial hair appears (mustache and beard), hair is manifested in the chest, back as well as in the armpit and the pubic hair grows.

Psychological and intellectual changes:

• They are curious to know the world around him.
• It has a new abstract thinking, where you can formulate hypotheses, reason about them and extract your own conclusions.
• Resists before the imposition of adults.
• He has his own opinions and criticisms about love, studies, friends, family.
• Need to spontaneously express their emotions and feelings.
• The image of himself and his self – esteem is modified.
• Behavior arises as aggressive, rebellion, isolated and unstable.

Social changes:

• Interest in having friends, the importance of belonging to a group of friends who share ideas and taste.
• The sexual and affective identity is formed and consolidated.
• Falling in love can occur and is expressed by many young people as a great desire to be with the person they want.

The importance of teaching the children about the biological, psychological and intellectual, social changes that will occur in the puberty stage – adolescence since giving them correct information and answering their questions, it is important to provide appropriate information for their age and level of development.

Difference between sex and gender.

To begin to understand the differences between sex and gender, we will define what meaning of each one:

• Sex: is determined by biological characteristics: man or woman. It is immutable, that is, it is not changed because it is a biological quality.
• Gender: depending on their sex, people are attributed to certain social and cultural characteristics that will affect, throughout their existence, the relationships they maintain with their environment and themselves, pointing to it as feminine or male. The main difference that exists would be:

1. Gender is learned (socio-cultural) while sex is born (natural).
2. Gender is modifiable while sex does not.
3. The genre changes since there is no single way of acting or behaving according to a specific genre, while sex is maintained.
4. The genre has nothing to do with the sex you are born while sex are determined by the sex chromosomes x and y.
5. Gender stereotypes and roles. Agents that influence gender roles.

When we talk about gender stereotypes, it is nothing more than the ideas or beliefs of how it should act if it is a man or woman and this in turn is related to the roles of genres where behavior based on their sex is expected;Our society has been in charge of classifying behaviors for both one or others for example: we have that in man is strong sex, they are good in sport, brave among others, while in women the opposite are the opposite are weak,Very emotional, sensitive;And as for the characteristics of the male roles, it stands out as a good leader, winner, has successful jobs, knows how to face any situation, while in female role it is emotional and sentimental, takes care of the house, responsible among others;Although as time has passed, on a little changed and one was matched in a professional field, also making decisions when a family is created.

Some agent that influences genres roles, we have education, culture, new technologies (social networks) and advertising.

Sexual and gender diversity

When talking about sexual and gender diversity, “… a term that is used to refer inclusive to all the diversity of sexes, sexual orientations and gender identities, without the need to specify each of the identities, behaviors andcharacteristics that make up this plurality ”Todd G. 

• Biological sex: it is with the sex we were born, we have the feminine (XX chromosome and the female reproductive system), male (XY chromosome and the male reproductive system) and finally intersexuality (the mixture of the two chromosome).
• Sexual identity: it is the feeling of being a woman, man, both or none of them, without taking into account their biological or physical characteristics;We have the transsexuals (it is a person who does not feel identified with the sex that was born and this resorts to a surgical intervention), transgender (it is a people who do not identify with the sex that was born).
• Gender expression: it is how the person shows the world, it is evidenced in clothing, as is their behavior, as expressed when speaking and our tastes.
• Sexual orientation: it is the physical, emotional, sexual attraction that is experienced by another person;We have heterosexual (the attraction for the opposite sex), homosexual (it is the attraction for itself can be lesbian or gay), bisexual (attraction for both sex), pansexual (when you feel attraction regardless of your sexual orientation or your sexual identity), asexual (he does not feel attraction to any person but he can feel an affective bond).

Cognitive theories. J. Piaget and l. Kohlberg

Piaget cognitive theory (1966), are: “Label, stability and gender constancy. The first stage consists in the categorization of oneself and others in two different groups, men and women. Subsequently the child understands that this category to which it belongs is maintained despite the superficial changes, such as clothes or ornaments. Finally, gender constancy is assimilated despite the situational variability ”

The cognitive-evolutionary theory developed by Kohlberg (1966) “is within the framework of Piagetian theory. He postulates that there are active central structures that determine the evolution of sexual and gender identity that is based on the cognitive development of the social world ”“… proposes that gender identity or the correct labeled in gender itself is acquired over 3 years, but that the development of the complete gender concept, as a constant and immutable attribute, is gradually produced between 2 and 7 years ”

Therefore, in Piaget’s cognitive theory, it is observed that an autoclassification is made for both the male gender (as we wear, its way of acting, among others.) As the same happens with the female gender, from a very young age they make the distinction in that behavior, attitudes are for children, as by colors for example, green belongs to children while pink, and the purple to thegirls, like toys. While Kohlberg’s theory, part of Piaget’s theory, but this goes beyond where gender identity is acquired from 3 years and this is related to cognitive and social development (daily behavior, way of thinkingAnd to live, in a nutshell his social environment.)

Socio -educational intervention in sexual development/gender:

• Sexual abuse prevention programs, coeducation, promotion of equality.
• The Canary Islands government has different educational programs, for the school environment where they can access them through the Tutorial Action Plan, it is trained with the necessary tools.
• EDUCATE PROGRAM FOR EQUALITY: Its purpose is to cause the entire educational community to work and relate from a coeducational perspective to overcome sexist stereotypes, enhance equal relationships and prevent gender violence.
• The impulse of measures aimed at promoting the integral development of students in equality constitutes one of the strategic lines of action, of a priority and transversal nature, of the Ministry of Education and Universities, according to the approaches of the Action Plan for Effective Equality for Effective EqualityBetween women and men (art. 7, Law 1/2010, of February 26, Canarian of Equality between women and men).

Goals:

• Sensitize, involve and train educational communities in terms of gender equality and coeducation.
• Prepare and disseminate coeducational materials, plans, protocols and orientations that facilitate the work of teachers in the construction of equality in all areas of their teaching practice.
• Favor awareness and develop actions on the prevention of gender violence and violence of sexist origin.
• Make visible the knowledge of women and coeducational experiences implemented in educational centers.
• Promote measures to promote diversity and affective-sexual education.
• Coordinate and establish measures with other institutions for the promotion of equality and gender perspective.

In addition, there are different institutions such as the Federation of Associations for the Prevention of Child Abuse (FAPMI), where they can go to due advice, and is available to the educational environment through a tutorial action plan, (Training Programof teachers or schools of parents).

The campaign to stop sexual violence against children and adolescents was initiated by the Council of Europe on November 29, 2010 in Rome (Italy), being its main objectives:

• Promote the signature, ratification and application of the European Council agreement for the protection of children against exploitation and sexual abuse;
• Provide children, their families and caregivers and societies for knowledge and tools to prevent sexual violence against children and adolescents and, thus, raise awareness about everything that constitutes sexual violence against minors.

This orient the campaign to parents, caregivers and children and adolescents, we wantThe creation of multidisciplinary and intersectoral teams in which all relevant agents are integrated: Ministries of Social Affairs, Justice, Health, Education, and Information Technology and Communications, Teacher, Academic and Professional Networks of the Teaching Sectors.

Through this campaign, the Council of Europe aims to attribute competencies to governments, parliamentarians, professional networks, civil society, parents, mothers, families and children, so that they can take the necessary measures to stop violencesexual against childhood.With the collaboration of the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality since 2011."

It can be evidenced, that there are programs to support the educational environment service where the training of personnel is done and they are enriched, with that knowledge that can then be applied in their workplaces and thus take advantage of that information