Spanking Children

Spanking Children
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Introduction
The performance of a child significantly relies on the discipline. However, spanking of the child has been used for several years in various countries as a way of disciplining a child. Spanking can be termed as a corporal punishment that can be called as a criminal affair. Spanking involves physical contact that causes pain. Additionally, child spanking can be considered as child abuse which is a violent act. Violence is defined as an act with an intention to cause injury or pain to another individual.
Child spanking can cause severe effects on the child. It can teach the children to be violent which can negatively affect their performances (Knox & Brouwer, 2008). The paper explores the aspect of child spanking as well as the harmful effects of the child. However, the researcher provides a solution that can curb the act of violence that teaches the children on being aggressive. Training programs are among the settlements in the paper that can curtail the child abuse activities. However, the paper provides detailed information on the effects of the child spanking and its relation to the academic performance and the social life.
Literature Review
Disciplining a child is a whole affair that requires intervention from various stakeholders. Intervention programs can play a critical role in treating children aggression which may affect not only their academic performance but also their social life. Visitation programs are among the kind of programs necessary to manage child’s aggressive behavior (Stacks, Oshio, Gerard & Roe, 2009).

However, the guardians have a responsibility in teaching their children right morals. Spanking children can only result in adverse effects to the child and the entire community.
The programs should also incorporate parental education to enhance emotional support to their children. Inadequate emotional support reduces the self-efficacy and the self-esteem of the child which is a daunting task. The issue of children spanking is a compelling attribute to create solutions that will improve the children academic performance and also improve their morals (Lee et al., 2015). However, there are various propositions regarding children spanking. It is therefore essential to understand the effects of the act and its take as a criminal offense. Children should be taught how to apply good morals and ethics rather than being aggressive.
Effects of Child Spanking
Child spanking has influenced the children activities in various ways. The form of corporal punishment has led to severe effects that can as well affect the academic performance of the child. Child spanking leads to subsequent aggressive behavior (MacKenzie, Nicklas, Waldfogel & Brooks-Gunn, 2011). The aspect of aggression can be due to the environmental stress attributed to factors such as financial instability.
Spanking can lead to cognitive development implications. It is clear that the children below two years are in the process of cognitive development. The aspect of punishment may have future effects as trauma and challenges in the neural development. It may impair the decisions of the child and affect the cognitive thinking of the individual.
Child spanking can lead to future adverse implications such as bullying in the school. It is due to the aggressive behavior of the child and the psychosocial challenges. Disobedient behavior and dating violence can also be the results of child spanking. The adults have a responsibility in ensuring that the children are brought up in useful ways.
Positive Parenting Strategies
Effective parenting strategies can curb the adverse effects associated with child spanking. The global recognition regarding the children’s rights provides the protection and dignity of the children. The rights aim at reducing the child violence acts such as the corporal punishment. Parenting programs are essential in preventing child spanking or any form of child abuse. The aspect of interaction therapy has provided ways of rectifying the child’s behavior without the use of violence (Straus & Mouradian, 1998). Other interventions including the nurse and family partnership can play a vital role in reducing the child violence and abuse. Home visiting initiatives are also critical issues for enhancing the preventive strategies.
Parents should spend a lot of time teaching their children the proper morals rather than punishing them. Parental warmth and support have also played a part in enhancing the child’s behavior. Various stakeholders should consent to eradicate the issue of child spanking due to its negative implications (Borg, Snowdon & Hodes, 2014). Adequate parental care will result in improved performance of the child such as an increase in self-esteem. Parents should set the rules and expectations of the children’s behaviors. The rules can help the parents control the actions of their children without any form of violence.
The kind of discipline enhances responsibility and improvement of the child’s morals. Provision of logical consequences is an alternative to preventing the child abuse. The parents have a responsibility in providing their children with a variety of choices that they can choose. It is therefore clear that numerous alternatives can curb child abuse and violence.
Measurement of Data Collection
The research considers the use of Classic Experimental Design to aid in data collection. The essence of the study is to determine the effectiveness of curbing child spanking. However, the study aims at collecting information from individuals with of different ethnic backgrounds. The research aims at enhancing the equivalence prototype using the young aged children as the target group. However, the study gathers relevant information that can also affect the children who are in the school.
It is apparent that randomization is efficient in enhancing the quality of data acquisition (Boutwell, Franklin, Barnes & Beaver, 2011). Experimental designs using aspects such as interviews can also be critical to perform the research. However, the study aims at collecting data from both parents to determine the effectiveness of parental strategies essential for child’s cognitive development. The analysis also considers a pretest observation which aims at gathering information from various stakeholders.
In accordance with the study, the stakeholders such as the healthcare givers contribute significantly towards intervention programs. The views of the stakeholders are also necessary to aid in information gathering to support the research on curbing children spanking. The act is a violent affair that contributes negatively towards child’s development and psychosocial matter.
Variables and control groups are also apparent in the research study. Some of the control groups involve individuals from low-income families to establish the effect of the environmental state towards child’s abuse. However, variables such as gender aspects and age are critical for the research (Berlin et al., 2009).
Boy child can develop an aggressive affair in comparison to the girl child. However, girls can be more prevalent on emotions which may affect their performance about the boy child. It is, therefore, crucial to consider the gender domain as well as the age bracket. During child’s development, cognitive development is of critical purpose. Parental care is necessary to avoid long-term effects such as cognitive decline due to child spanking.
Spanking a child in the way of correcting him or her is an unacceptable issue. It is because the parents or the guardian taught the child on the act of violence thus implying a contradictory message. Additionally, spanking can affect the child emotionally. The child feels inferior but perceiving the person spanking them. It can, therefore, lead to the development of insecurity which is severe to the child. Child spanking can also be related to immoral behaviors. It is apparent that the child cannot advocate for the truth if the results are the act of violence (Bradley, Corwyn, Burchinal, McAdoo & Garcia Coll, 2001).
Concerning the unethical practices, the spanking action can lead to suicidal attempts. It is due to the loss of emotional support that the child expects from their parents. Mental challenges can also be a leading factor for the suicidal attempt. Reduction in the self-esteem and self-worth are always related to severe influences. In the research proposal, the researcher provides the necessary information on how to avoid children spanking as well as their adverse effects (Mulvaney & Mebert, 2010). Children should receive counseling rather than physical violence such as spanking. Parental warmth is, therefore, a critical approach to disciplining a child.
The young individuals develop the cognitive foundations for the prosocial behavior. Demographic variables can cause a variation in the child’s behavior. Majority of the parents believe that spanking their children who are below two years contribute towards moral behaviors. However, they do not account for the psychosocial effect of the act.
Factors Leading to Child Spanking
Various issues have led to the spanking punishment activity. Cultural values and norms can significantly affect the spanking child activities. Diverse cultural backgrounds ban the use of corporal punishment as a way of correcting a child’s behavior. However, there are ethnic backgrounds that advocate for the child spanking as a way of influencing a child’s behavior (Kazdin & Benjet, 2003). Sweden is among the countries that have banned the aspect of children spanking. Countries such as the United States have not yet banned the issue of corporal punishment. The preventive programs should focus on the risk factors regarding child spanking that can aid in implementing the necessary strategies to curb the punishment acts. Parenting stress and family functioning can influence the spanking activities.
Child temperament can play a role in spanking. The children who are more prone can increase their chances of being punished. However, the parental mood and aggression can lead to the punishment activities. In accordance to Berlin, the parents with signs of depression and anxiety can be prone to punishing their children. Issues such as single parenthood and family conflicts can influence the behaviors of the parents. However, the family social, economic status can affect the family’s response. It is apparent that financial freedom may help the parents seek parental education which may help in teaching their children on the ethical values.
According to the research activities, race contributes significantly to the corporal punishment. The children spanking rates are higher in the African American families in comparison to the Non-Hispanic Americans. Diversity aspects can lead to the differences in the spanking rates on the different races.
The researcher utilizes the ethical concerns to undertake the research. Ethical behaviors are critical for the development of the society. Unethical practices can lead to the formation of gang violence later life for the individuals who encountered child spanking. The researcher tends to provide the critical information regarding the relationship of child spanking and violent behaviors (Baumrind, Larzelere & Owens, 2010). The society needs to end the issue of child’s physical abuse thus enhancing a healthy living with critical moral behaviors. Numerous bodies such as American Association for children are advocating for the use of alternative discipline methods other than corporal punishment. The issue of corporal punishment can influence children living in particular ecological states.
The data necessary to perform the analysis is drawn from various methods such as the interview with the parents and also with the children. The children should air out their issues and their perceptions towards child abuse and violence. The valid responses are limited from the data collection techniques that attribute to the outcome variables.
Outcome Variable
The outcome variable is generated by the interview sessions and the provision of the questionnaires to the parents as well as other stakeholders. However, the parents should indicate on the spanking frequency and some of the observed behaviors in their children.
Control Variables
The control variables provide consistency across the model sets. Descriptive characteristics are essential in understanding the child’s behavior due to the violent act. Other forms of variable include weight indicators. Metrics of the child behaviors is a crucial data analysis concepts that aid in creating deductions from the research. Children’s behavior can be modified with specific parental activities. Following the study, child spanking is a first affair to understand its implications towards child’s cognitive development.
Conclusion
In summary, the aspect of child’s development is a critical concern for every individual. Child spanking has proved to be a violent act that results in severe effects on the child. The environmental state has influenced the child abuse acts. However, the parental warmth has been of critical concern to curb child violence through the spanking activities. The stakeholders have a responsibility in ensuring a healthy living for the children. Cognitive functioning of the child can be affected by the violent events which may have long-term effects such as trauma or depression. The research is therefore necessary for providing the strategies required to model a child’s behavior rather than the use of child spanking. Eventually, the parental strategy will curtail the adverse effects associated with child spanking.
References
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