Tobacco Consumption In Adolescence

Tobacco consumption in adolescence

Introduction, influences and social pressure

When we talk about alcohol, we speak the most present substance in drug use in adolescents. WHO defines alcohol as "a central nervous system depressing drug that progressively inhibits brain functions, affecting self-control capacity, initially producing euphoria and disinhibition, so it can be confused with a stimulant". To elaborate a complete study, first go back to how this consumption begins and for whom.

Origin of alcohol consumption in adolescents

WHO defines alcoholism as: “a psychic and usually physical state resultthe discomfort produced by their absence "

Social consequences

We must neglect the pathophysiological consequences of alcohol consumption to also focus on the importance of alcohol in human relations and behavior since this derives from the increase in accidents, whether work, domestic, domestic,of traffic … due to its consumption, it is also important. A problem that we find is that about 20% of people who drink usually recognize that they have almost daily problems with people from their near circle. It is also a problem that we find this issue

The theme of alcohol in adolescents is a problem that we are in the health of these young people, according to a recent survey conducted in a high school in Spain (study 2014-2015), “76’8% of adolescents between 14 and18 years consumed alcohol in the last year and 68’2% in the last month ”.

Due to the high percentages of this study it is interesting. The study consisted of a sample of 708 adolescents, which were evaluated in two parts, one part was at the time of study and the other per year to see the evaluation and with the intention of being able to find predictive factors with certainty. The predominance of alcohol abuse at the time of the experiment is 25’56%, however per year it was 49’72%. Due to this and by analysis it is obtained that the variables that predict significantly at the time of one year the consumption of alcohol are prior abuse of alcohol at the time, prior abuse of drugs, parents who attend their sports competitions, relationship relationshipsWith colleagues and absence of prosocial behavior, that is, a kind of routine or behavior of benefiting and helping others. ‘In view of our results, it can be concluded that, in adolescents, externalizing disorders seem to be determinants of medium -term alcohol consumption” ”.

Physical-psychological dependence and discomfort

Alcohol consumption is a large -scale problem, not only due to public health problems, being considered one of the main death factors, it can also cause psychological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and so on. This can even damage the social fabric with economic factors, and also, you can separate entire families (World Health Organization, 2010). It has been reported that, in America the consumption of this in adolescents has a low frequency pattern, but of high intake on one occasion, before the age of 14 (Pan American Health Organization, 2015). Adolescence is usually considered a phase of constant changes, in which the adolescent stands out for having a sexual interest, group integration and the development of a social self-image (Heredia and Davila, 2013). Each teenager has a certain context, and there are millions of these who have in common take adult responsibilities at an early age, leading them to have emotional discomfort (UNICEF, 2002). In a phase of clear discomfort, the adolescent can be guided to drug use, alcohol and tobacco being common, in order to reduce it (Poncela, 2014). Through a study that sought to collect biological, social and characteristics of alcohol consumption, it was intended to relate these variables to emotional discomfort in Mexican adolescents. The results showed that adolescents tended to feel relaxed, boring, moving from joy to sadness easily and irritated, being women who suffer the most. But female sex also feel the fear or disgust, influencing long -term memory, being more likely to remember emotional situations (Spalek et al., 2015). It was collected that 64 % of adolescents presented the aforementioned emotional discomfort, according to international research (Silva, Gálviz, Flores and Machuca, 2013), which dictate that in the adolescent stage, a new range of skills are acquired and developed, social life can be difficult and relationships between our relatives constantly change, in addition to also applying attitudes and values acquired during childhood. Finally, more and more frequent thoughts about personal identity are increasingly frequent, and what will be the future they will have, being very uncertain at this stage. These affective, psychological or physiological changes can make the way in which adolescents relate to others, and in themselves, the way they see the world. Already placing us in Spain, a group of Valencian researchers, agreed, with the previous investigations that in fact, there is greater emotional discomfort in adolescents who have not consumed alcohol, who point out that the problems of adolescents must be pointed out to the context in whichThey develop, highlighting the family and school environment, which can lead to problems such as depression, stress and anxiety, low self – esteem and difficulties when socially integrated (López, Ochoa, Olaizola, 2005). It was evidenced that adolescents use a mechanism to have this emotional balance back, drinking alcohol to move on to a state of pleasure and positivity, relaxing and reducing stress (Delgado, 2012). Among the emotions during the drunkenand Ventura, 2014), leading them to damage an adequate development of the brain, damaging the executive functions (García, Ruiz and Alzina, 2014). Therefore, emotional discomfort can trigger harmful behaviors for adolescents, seeing as a solution alcohol consumption to balance this discomfort, seeking to feel better through this substance.

 Preventive and risk factors

The consumption of alcoholic beverages in social meetings is frequent in many parts of the world, but can have negative health and social consequences related to their toxic properties and the dependence that can produce. Throughout the years various studies coincide with the fact that while the use of substances occurs in advance, the greater the probability of developing a substance consumption disorder in adulthood (Dennis, Mock, Dawud-Noursi andMcDermeit, 2003). Alcohol consumption in adolescents has caused great expenses for public health systems, this consumption in young people has been related to serious economic, health and specifically social consequences. It is estimated that the harmful use of alcohol causes 2.5 million deaths every year, and a considerable proportion of them corresponds to young people (Shield, Parry and Rehm, 2013). The consumption of alcoholic beverages occupies third place among the main risk factors of poor health in the world. A wide variety of alcohol -related problems can have devastating consequences on people and their families;In addition, they can seriously affect community life. “The harmful use of alcohol is one of the four important non -transmissible disease risk factors that are suitable for modification and prevention. They are also presenting indications that such use contributes to increasing the morbidity load related to communicable diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS infection ”(WHO, 2010). Clearly, this type of consumption and its consequences are a great public health problem that society must face. Therefore, prevention programs are mainly aimed. Among the psychological approaches that have had the highest growth in recent years are third generation cognitive therapies. Among these interventions are Mindfulness -based interventions (MBIS), behavioral dialectic therapy (DBT) or acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). These intrusions have confirmed their certainty in a wide variety of mental health problems, specifically in depression and anxiety (Hofmann, Sawyer, Witty and OH, 2010). Many investigations have revolved around discovering the factors that contribute directly to the inclination of a person to the continued trend in alcohol consumption and agree that there are both contextual and social factors and individual factors and individual factors. Starting with contextual factors, a clear example related to the use of alcohol in adolescence is having suffered a past of alcoholism in the family, which directly solidarity with greater alcohol consumption and be more prone to problems related to saidsubstance (Leeman, Fenton and Volpicelli, 2007). Another contextual factor that we find are social meetings with friends and the use of drugs by them (Silveri, 2012) or stressful events such as exams, are directly related to the effect on the beginning and regularity of consumption(ENOCH, 2011). As individual factors, one of the most worked in proportion to this issue has been a needy inhibitory control (Nixon, 2013; Leeman et al., 2014) or certain personality traits as a search for sensations (Noel, 2014) or impulsivity (Pearson and Henson, 2013). These causes express a positive affinity with the use of substances in young people. The most important factors in men are;Divorce of parents, depressive symptoms, past time with friends and habit of high alcohol consumption. In young women, the factors are;habit of high consumption of alcohol and smoking frequently (Huurre et al. 2010). However, some of the own variables that have been most related to the use of alcohol is the presence of emotional problems, which can at the same time oppress how to maintain consumption. On the other hand, new prolonged studies express that there are gender contradictions in this entity. For example, it was shown that only in women, presenting depressive symptoms at age 10, is associated three years later, with an increase in the risk of harmful alcohol consumption in early adolescence.

Impact

Today, in our society, alcoholism constitutes one of the main health problems worldwide. Its consequences have a negative impact on psychological, social and biological planes. One of the most accepted alcoholism definitions by the World Health Organization Committee was: “’Alcoholism is a chronic behavioral disorder, manifested by repeated alcohol intakes, excessive regarding social and dietary norms of the community andthat end up interfering with the health or economic and social functions of the drinker.’(Huss, 1849). (González, 2004) . In Cuba, a global trend of increased consumption is manifested during the last 15 years, where there is a high risk and a tolerant attitude towards improper use. (Fagndo, 1998) (Sandoval, 2001) (Minsap, 2002) (Minsap, 1997). A study with focus on young people, where alcoholism constituted one of the main problems detected in the mental health diagnosis of the area, wanted to explore objectives among which they wanted to identify:

• The conditions that cause alcohol consumption.
• Describe the risk factors that influence this problem.
• Explore knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to alcoholism.

An investigation between April 1 and December 31, 2005 was conducted, where the qualitative research method was used. In the analysis, the following criteria were detected:

1. There is an increase in consumption among men, a practice that begins in the adolescence stage and continues in the elderly. There is greater ease to take in public places, to which the indiscriminate increase of points of sale joins.
2. The majority of participants agree that they take this type of drinks to entertain, have fun, share with friends, etc.
3. They consider alcoholism as a vice and not as a disease and that a person is alcoholic when he cannot stop drinking this type of drinks without having tremors or feeling bad.
4. They indicated that among the consequences of alcoholism, there is a socio-family impact, which includes: violence, aggressiveness, aggressions, criminal acts, domestic violence, etc.
5. Among the factors that most influence a subject to become an alcoholic, is: to take frequently, live in a medium accustomed to consumption (social influence), family problems, little useful employment of free time and recreation.
6. They proposed to carry out educational and informative activities on alcoholism and its consequences, aimed at the population and, especially, to young people.
7. It was a criterion to take into account, that agreed that the solutions to the problem do not depend only on what they can do in the community, but also on government measures.

After these analyzes, behaviors were known, distorted and poor information about this problem by the population. (Fagndo, 1998) (Castañeda, 2005) (Sandoval, 2004). Conditions that influence the social environment that promote consumption and practice qualified as risky behaviors for alcoholism disorders were identified. Through the qualitative technique used, the population expressed ideas to establish strategies and forms of action to put a solution to this problem. Repeated above, one of the solutions would be that it does not depend only on the community but also on government measures. 

Bibliography

• Bousoño, m., Al-hacabí, s., Burón, p., Garrido, m., Díaz-Mesa, e. M., Galván, m., … bobes. G. (2019). Predicating factors for alcohol consumption in adolescents: data from a 1 year of follow -up study. Vol 31 addictions (1), pp. 52. DOI: 0214-4840
• Lerma-Cabrera, J.M., Steinebach, p., Carvajal, f., Ulloa, v., Cid-Parra, c., And Langer, to. (2015). Risk factors associated with problematic alcohol consumption in adolescence: the preventive role of mindfulness. Psychology, Society, & Education, Vol.7, (No. 1), pp.57-69.
• Cicua, d., Méndez, m., And Muñoz, L. (2008). Factors in alcohol consumption in adolescents. Psychological thought, vol. 4, (No. 11), pp. 115-134 recovered from: https: // dialnet.united.is/servlet/article?CODE = 3091227
• Telumba, j., López, m.A., Edith, l., Velázquez, or.D., Torres, r. And Esparza, S.A. (2018). Relationship of Emotional Distress and Alcohol Consumption in Adolescents. Journal Health NPEPS, 3 (1), 38-50. DOI: 10.30681/252610102758
• Telumba, j., López, m.A., Edith, l., Velázquez, or.D., Torres, r. And Esparza, S.A. (2018). Relationship of Emotional Distress and Alcohol Consumption in Adolescents. Journal Health NPEPS, 3 (1), 38-50. DOI: 10.30681/252610102758