Urbanization And Space Redistribution Of The Population

URBANIZATION AND SPACE REDISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION

Treat population increase in urban areas as well as in rural. José was in charge of developing and trying to visualize these events in Latin America and the facts that have directed them to increase or decrease in the passing of the years, in addition to showing figures which are suitable for knowing in numbers the amount of the demographic increase through the years. The redistribution being the disposition of goods to a social community and urbanization, the concentration of population and economic activities in a city, millions of people have gone from living in rural areas to cities the causes of this growing urbanization is that the people see the city as a space with better job opportunities, greater income, better educational, sculptural and recreational options. That is why they focus on the opportunities that people go to cities especially towards the metropolis.

In the course of the years, it has been possible to analyze and confirm the evolution, demographic increase in Latin American countries, in addition it is not completely focused on redistribution processes, if not to rescue some most prominent aspects of the phenomenon. These being as a consequence of fertility since around 50 years these lands have been urbanized significantly and although it has decreased in the 1950s it was not much. On the other hand, being the rural exodus another of the factors that has been adding to the urbanization of Latin America that contribute to this.

Previously in this decade the displacement of people to rural areas was seen and currently Mesoamerica (Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Haiti, Mexico, Honduras, etc.) the one that has the greatest concentration in these areas while South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, etc.) They concentrate more in the urban area.

The economy, production, work, mobility and concentration of activities are one of the most influential but unstable factors that occur in Latin America affecting low -income people since they are the ones who seek the most opportunities and the little level of study has a lot to do, causing a displacement from one side to another denying, so to speak, stability. It can be noted that in Latin America there is no redistribution sustained by the Metropolization and therefore the displacement towards municipalities in lesser size which suggests that in Latin America there is a balanced spatial distribution. Young people are those who contribute more to the urban lands increase their density since they are the ones that come out in search of opportunities more than everything to strengthen their level of education, this is because in rural areas there are no institutes for the Higher education called this also peasant exodus.

The urbanization of Latin America has not been so effective in supporting development, that is, it has not had the ability to produce wealth and has to do with the Latin American economic model that is more based on the primary sector of the economy, agriculture and extractive industries and does not bet in a more coordinated way to industrialization, which produces less results in terms of prosperity and also presents higher levels of economic inequality because at least development less wealth.

According to the graphics, it can be analyzed that the population in Latin America increased since in the previous decades it was considered lower comparing it with Mesoamerica. In different Latin American countries there are too populated cities and none of them is the capital, but the agglomeration has stopped in large cities and has little stability in the population increase in other regions, understanding the expansion of these urban groups is to locate New productive activities.

The concentration and demographic advantage of large cities seem to have the same importance and meaning in countries and what there is is a great heterogeneity.

People specialized in the subject such as Harvey have proven the impact that the redistributions, economics and society can cause on the productive impact that has stood out in the last decades of this century. Currently according to Castells there are new productive forces and forms of territorial integration.

One of the important dimensions is territorial inequality, which is not very taken into account, this is due to the asymmetry between the countryside and cities, grouping us in different territories and groups. In the 1980s there was a collapse in industries, public employment and lack of investment to projects and urban planning were one of the main contributors to this.

Provide solutions and exits, in addition to seeing things through other perspectives to provide information on what is the population established years ago in rural areas this is due to the production that the Earth gave and that with it could live, now everything is different due to low sustainability. Currently they concentrate more in cities because of the opportunities that are constant.

Currently, more than three quarters of the population lives in urban areas despite the fact that in the 1950s it has decreased. Development and globalization makes the concentration of people more and more in the metropolis cities being part of these the capital of each country, this is due to the amount of opportunities that can be offered.

Latin America is the most urban continent on the planet if compared to the average figures of the entire planet that is in the order of 50% of the level of urbanization, having this 80%, clearly shows us that there is a great concentration of people there Inhabiting cities, which has moved to cities much of social problems, social demands and has become the territory where governments have to provide solutions. In mobility it has been improving in some places and has advanced in terms of improvement of services quality, there is still a fairly high pending debt that on the other hand if it is not resolved structurally in countries with a coordinated and adequate decentralization process Not only of institutional capacities or the power of execution but also of financial resources will be to face, while we have more and more scattered, more open cities, less dense, more and more private cars will be used more and more.

Plan the use of land, make much densest cities where public transport solutions can be given, the motorization level in almost all cities in Latin America has increased substantially then with the same physical structure and the same amount of wide roads such as they were Originally when there were less cars, citizens who now have them, use the road system, great congestions are generated by this, a career being in which the authorities on the one hand have to offer improvements in the infrastructure to improve the quality of mobility and by On the side, the demand for this infrastructure is growing, which is not perceived in the back developed has tried to find has been more investment in public transport.

Human beings, as is known are not distributed uniformly on the planet, but are concentrated in certain regions following what is known as patterns and spatial distribution. In some places there is a high population concentration while in others it is scarce, the concentration and dispersion of the population is mainly due to economic reasons such as the search for better working conditions and access to a greater number of public services and The type of geographical spaces have a lot to do, sometimes the presence of mountains or desert Fruit collection.

“The dispersion consists of the progressive departure of the inhabitants of the large sites populated towards more small and less inhabited, currently the settlement pattern that prevails throughout the planet is the concentration especially in the cities, so it is said that we are in An accelerated global urbanization process ".

Metropolis are the big cities of a country and megalopolis are cities inhabited by more than 6 million people, Latin America has megalopolis such as Mexico City and Sao Paulo, some of the problems of these areas are traffic, different types of pollution , unemployment, few opportunities and on population, instead rural areas are characterized by the dispersion of the population and the predominance of agricultural activities, in this continent in general the field has little infrastructure development.

In Mexico 71.3% of the territory is occupied by the urban population, while the remaining percentage by the rural population, this growth has raised serious problems since rural areas are being abandoned while urban ones are over populated.

“Accepting that urbanization is a distinctive and irreversible feature depending on the development style adopted by the vast majority of countries, it cannot be neglected that the rural phenomenon is still in force and now with new characteristics and that they differ considerably from the traditional vision of the countryside and its relationship with the city ".

It is essential that urbanization takes into account the principles of equity, to carry good management of the city and, in addition, as the redistribution says to give goods to those who inhabit and emigrate to the cities.

The awareness of the importance of the urbanization process in Latin America begins from the concentration of countless ‘symptoms’ in metropolitan areas, which will later have a category of ‘problem’.

Urbanization has been in some cases a success, although it has problems with the environment but its main strategy has been to use urbanization as a development instrument, many governments decide to attack the problem of environmental sustainability.

There are also other examples of urbanization models that have been clearly designed to increase the prosperity of Latin American countries, there has been a design determined to achieve the construction of public housing massively as a development instrument not only as attacking the problem of lack of Social housing but for mass social housing, it was an incentive for the economic growth of a country, that is, the good news has come from where urbanization has been understood as a strategy of prosperity of the Sociedñ on the other hand, the bad News have come from countries where urbanization has seen without strategic intervention in this, the organization has developed spontaneously and to large numbers this is where it is not only produced economic development, but has worsened the situation concentrating urban poverty in Capital megabytes and has resulted in problems as social.

The metropolization another of the factors, means a greater interaction between nearby cities, that is, that one city leads to another near which they become industrial, commercial and service territories. The metropolization phenomenon leads to a series of problems when there is no relationship between adjacent cities.

"Accepting that urbanization is a distinctive and irreversible feature based on the development adopted by the vast majority of countries, it cannot be neglected that the rural phenomenon is still valid and now with new characteristics". Due to the constant movement of agglomerations, the figures and demography data are not easy and constant.

Metropolization processes are practically consolidated in some countries in the area and there is a growing academic, technical and political consensus that the processes of this are persistent and very difficult to modify. Lately, formalistic trends of urban and metropolitan planning has been left behind, which had left lower successes by which they were characterized. The detailed study of metropolitan poverty implies taking into account the industrial problem due to bad government planning. Metropolitan poverty has been studied from different points of view which lead to several aspects as socio -environmental.

"The data suggests that deruration is not an absolute truth or a definitive phenomenon in the region, since, in many countries, particularly from Mesoamerica, the rural population has an important meaning".

The analysis of this situation is like looking for a solution and trying to give it a good point to it, several authors in their analysis coincide at different points concerned with this, have concluded that the degree of fertilization increases the population around the 1950s.

We can also observe that in the two thousand there were countries like Brazil and Mexico that approached the hundred million inhabitants and others that its population was minimal such as Uruguay, Jamaica and Panama. Latin America is the most urbanized continent since by the economy, people seek to move from one place to another among the largest cities since they offer greater opportunities, due to this emigration problem it looks a lot in rural areas which are less populated For this phenomenon, leaving consequences such as low fertility, which entails a little flow of people in these places.

“The important reduction of urban growth in Latin America since the 1970s reflects not only the lower intensity of the vegetative growth of the population but also a significant decrease in field-city migration’.

In 1980 the population degree increased more in low -income groups and in those of the upper class it was not seen in such a significant increase. As it is to be considered, urbanization consists of people who go to the city to seek a better quality of life, for the opportunities offered there.

Currently, countries such as Mesoamerica still retain most of their population in rural areas, unlike Latin America that is seen in the urban area of ​​each country. Before two thousand Mesoamerica was more populated than Latin America which has at this time according to statistics it retains greater population.

It is very important to try to get the good, as Joseph does that gives us a positive image in the midst of the negative, giving a breath to the problems of urbanization as it is that there are still rural parts that are populated and not forgotten, that can continue to improve.

REFERENCES

• https: // flacso.Edu.EC/CITE/PINTO-DA-CUNHA-J_2002_URBANIZACION-REDISTRIBUTION-SPACIAL-OF-THE-POBLATION-Y-TRANSFORMATIONS-SOCIOECONOMICS-EN-AMERICA-LATINE/
• https: // red value.com/2019/01/10/Urbanization-Redistry
• https: // repository.ECLAC.org/Bitstream/Handle/11362/12563/note-pobla9_es.PDF?sequence = 1