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Pre-hospital Delay for Patients with STEMI: Article Abstract
Abstract
The World Health Organization indicates that cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world today. Pre-hospital delays tend to cause significant effects on the patients and increase their mortality rate. The female gender is one of the factors that has implications. Furthermore, there is no research regarding the issue conducted in the Arab culture. Therefore, this research was done with the motive of exploring some of the factors contributing to the pre-hospital delays among the STEMI patients of Saudi Arabia.
This researched used mixed study methods and a sample of three hundred and eleven patients. These patients presented with STEMI in the major hospitals located in Riyadh for five months in 2011 (Alshahrani, McConkey, Wilson, Youssef, & Fitzsimons, 2014). One hundred and eighty-nine patients, among them thirty-six females were found eligible. They were interviewed, which were conducted using the Responses to Symptom Questionnaires. Another significant sample of eighteen patients, which included nine females, took part in the qualitative interviewing process which had been transcribed and taped before the analysis.
The findings indicated that there was a 5-hour pre-hospital delay for males while that of the females was about 12.9 hours. Using the Standard multiple regression, it was determined that the female gender indicated the strongest predictor of delay before deciding to seek assistance to get to the hospital.

Five gender-related themes were derived from the qualitative analysis. One is that females seek permission from the male relatives before seeking medical assistance. Two, females don’t travel to hospitals unless they have the company of a male relative. Three, females are more concerned with family responsibilities instead of seeking medical help. Four, females do not know the myocardial infarction symptoms or treatment; and five; it is perceived that females should not attract attention.
This study provided a different insight regarding how cultural factors increase pre-hospital delays for women, particularly in Saudi Arabia. The quantitative data shows that women have longer delays that are influenced by culture. However, this study still leaves room for further research to be conducted.
Keywords: Pre-hospital delay, myocardial infarction, gender, cultural factors, mixed methods.
References
Alshahrani, H., McConkey, R., Wilson, J., Youssef, M., & Fitzsimons, D. (2014). Female Gender doubles the Pre-hospital delay times for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Saudi Arabia.  Journal of European Cardiovascular Nursing, 13(5), 399-407.