Child Cerebral Palsy

Child cerebral palsy

Introduction

Child cerebral palsy (PCI) is a set disorders of movement and posture, due to a congenital lesion of the first neuron or upper motor neuron of the central nervous system, which affects the child in their first years of life, when the brain is not mature yet. It has a non -progressive evolution, that is, it is static, and persistent but not invariable. In addition, it presents other disorders such as sensory, cognitive, language, perceptive, behavioral, epilepsy and musculoskeletic disorders.

Developing

In the PCI there is no specific etiology, but there are several etiologies. Therefore there are different risk factors, such as: prenatal factors (before childbirth): Mother’s complications: alterations in blood coagulation, autoimmune diseases, arterial hypertension, trauma, taking toxic substances, intrauterine infection. Alterations in the placenta: such as a thrombosis of the placenta on both the maternal side and on the fetus side; chronic vascular changes or by an infection in the placenta.

Complications in the fetus: such as a double pregnancy (twins or twins), delay in growth within the uterus, malformations, polyhydramnios (the increase of amniotic fluid), fetal hydropesia (an inflammation or serious edema of the fetus or the newborn.) Perinatal factors (during childbirth): premature baby and with insufficient weight. Mother fever during childbirth or by an SNC infection. Hypoglycemia: lack of blood glucose, intracranial hemorrhage.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: lack of oxygen and blood flow in the baby’s brain when it was born.

Trauma, cardiac surgery, postnatal factors (after childbirth): infections such as meningitis (inflammation of meninges) or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), cranial trauma, convulsive state, cardio-respiratory arrest, poisoning, severe dehydration. Spastic cerebral palsy. In this type of paralysis children have their rigid muscles, they tend to stretch and weaken for it have a difficulty to control their movements. Within spastic cerebral palsy we find different types: spastic tetraplexia. Is the most serious paralysis. 

conclusion

Patients have affected the four members. In addition, the patient has brain malformations. Spastic Diple. It’s the most frequent form. Patients have affected the lower limb. Spastic hemiplegia. The patient presents a paresis in the left or right hemisphere. Diacinhetic cerebral paralysis. In this type of paralysis children present repetitive, involuntary and uncoordinated movements. These movements can be choreoatetosis movements, are involuntary, ephemeral and repetitive movements (Korea) or slower, fluid and abrupt involuntary movements (contorting) (athetosis).