Congestive cardiac failure with ?digoxin toxicity

  Congestive Cardiac Failure
Name
Course
Institution

  Congestive Cardiac Failure
Report from the United States has asserted that heart failure is a common killer disease among the residents where the disease has claimed the lives of many. Statistics asserts that the medical facilities accommodate approximately 0.7 million cardiac patients within a year. Further, it is extensively consuming the residents aged 65 years and above. The aspects associates attack to the heart in a certain perspective where its functionality is withheld. Critically, heart failure does not imply total incapability to the heart such that it cannot work. However, it is a condition where its pumping capability is absorbed attracting sophistication to the body (Maron et al., 2006). It is a situation where the blood moves through the body and the heart slowly than it moves in normal conditions. Evidently, the heart is not able to pump adequate oxygen and nutrients to the body where metabolism and inspiration are undermined (Trimer et al., 2014). In such a condition, the kidney responds through the establishment of certain complications in excretion of waste products from the body. Critically, there are two types of heart failure which entail systolic dysfunction embraced by inadequate muscle contraction in the heart (Sauvage et al., 2013). Further, it entails the diastolic dysfunction that is associated with the ventricle’s inability to contract. The study seeks to analyze heart failure as a disease claiming lives in a significant figure, the manner in which it implicates the patients and necessary patient care enhanced by the nursing fraternity.

Causes, risk factors, incidence, and impact
Evidence indicates that the disease emanates from several effects that ultimately undermine the heart’s muscles withholding its functionality. In the first place, it can emanate from the establishment of artery disease where such an approach slows the rate of oxygen and nutrient supply to the entire body. In a more critical review, such sophistication prevents blood flow to the other parts of the body (Anderson et al., 2010). The condition worsens once the arteries block where the heart is unable to engage is normal tasks in the ordinary platform. In the second perspective, the disease radiates from heart attack where the coronary artery blocks suddenly. Information indicates that the occurrence of such a situation attracts immediate death in most cases. The aspects stop blood flow from the reach of heart muscles where it is not able to engage maximum pumping (Naab, 2011). In a more critical review, it damages the muscles through the establishment of a sacral area where it is not able to function as perceived. Further, it is manipulated by the aspect of Cardiomyopathy where the heart muscles insights destruction to the artery.
Information indicates that the disease is manipulated by certain risk factors which entail smoking where the excessive exposure of nicotine and the smoke to the heart attracts blockage undermining the process off blood and nutrient transmission (Merit-HF Study Group,1999). In a different perspective, the aspect weakens the heart where the power to pump blood is undermined. Additionally, it is manipulated by alcoholism where alcohol burns the heart and the liver absorbing their ability to perform (Sverzellati & Hansell, 2009). Further, the conditions that overwork the heart play an intrinsic role in the acceleration of the disease. It is a task levied to the heart when blood pressure is high, kidney disease, and diabetes. Additionally, the disease is embraced by the use of steroids that entail solidified lipids that attract blockage within the arteries undermining the flow of blood (Cui et al., 2013). Information indicates that the disease attracts negative effects to the family and the patient. In the first step, the patient is isolated by friends and relatives in the sense that they fear contraction of the disease from the victim. Secondly, they live in fear since the disease undermines their mentality where they lose confidence on their way of life. It is a concept that prevents to make decisions or live alone (Kee, Paulanka & Polek, 2009). On the other hand, the disease consumes the family’s resources in the sense that much should be spent towards the patient. Further, the patient consumes the family member’s time while they should be engaged in their daily activities.
Symptoms
symptom effect
Congested lung It is a condition associated with backup of a large capacity of fluid within the lung where the aspect insights shortness in breathing. Such a condition happens once one engages in exercise or at rest. Further, extreme congestion within the lung incites dry coughs and dizziness.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/351528/lung-congestion
Fluid and waste retention The flow of little blood to the kidney undermines the process of excretion where a lot of water and salts are upheld. Such a condition manipulates swollen legs, edema, urination overnight and lack of appetite.
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/fluid_retention
Dizziness, fatigue and weakness It is evident that once a person is a victim of the disease endures weakness which emanated from minimized flow of blood in the body. Further, when the blood flowing to the brain is little, it enhances dizziness where one is not able to think actively as perceived.
http://symptomchecker.webmd.com/multiple-symptoms?symptoms=dizziness|fatigue|headache|weakness-%28generalized%29&symptomids=81|98|115|567&locations=66|66|2|66
Rapid heart beats Once a person is infected he or she endures a situation where the pulse rate increases in order to pump blood. It is a condition which emanates from the weakness associated with the muscles.
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/what-causes-heart-palpitations
Decreased alertness The disease absorbs the physiological perception of an individual where one losses memory and is not able to respond with situations.
http://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/symptom/confusion-memory-loss-and-altered-alertness/confu.html
Drugs
Diuretics
Diuretics entail the type of drugs instructed by physicians to the patients in order to minimize the challenges associated with heart failure. It is a platform in which sophistications emanating from the kidney are diagnosed in the aid of diuretic drugs. Evidently the kidney is levied the task of excretion where excess water and salt ions are filtered and excreted (Ho, Anderson, Kannel, Grossman & Levy,1993). It entails the loop diuretic that enhances absorption of sodium paving a way for the excretion of water. Further, it minimizes the hyper tonicity of the interstitium. In a different perception, the use of Thiazide diuretic increases the rate of absorption due to its efficacy. Finally, the potassium-sparing diuretic provides a path in which water and sodium are transmitted to the collection duct where they are potentially excreted (Lindgren et al., 2008). Such a platform helps reduce the work overloaded to the heart where in a certain perspective healing is witnessed by the patient.
Cardio-stimulatory drugs
They are drugs taken by the patients to manipulate a direct impact to the heart controlling the process in which blood is pumped through the body (Yusuf et al., 2000). Further, the concept aims to limit the workload associated with the heart once there is such failure. In the first step, the drug entails the beta-agonist that binds the norepinephrine (Utami, Gillani, & Suardi, 2012). The approach increases heart rate and manipulates the effective cardiac output. Secondly, the drug is diversified into the digitalis compound where the component enhances sarcolemma in the heart. It leads to the production of intracellular calcium that spurs sarcoplasmic reticulum to enhance contraction. Additionally, the drug entails the calcium sensitivity drug that manipulates troponin’s sensitivity to enhance contractility.
Nursing plan for a cardiac failure patient for the first 24 hour
It is evident that the nurses should have adequate knowledge in the method to approach the disease (Lima et al., 2011). Evidently, it is a concept where they should first determine the patient’s condition. In the first pace, the nurse is supposed to assess if there is abnormal heat. The approach will allow him to realize if the disease entails the left handed heart failure due to the kidneys in an ability to perform. Secondly, the nurse will monitor the pulse rate and blood pressure where the approach will allow him to take the corrective measures that will reduce the heart beat. Further, the nurse should assess the mental status of the patients (Newschaffer, Liu & Sim, 2010). It emanates from the accumulation of waste products in the body which limits oxygen transmission to the cerebral tissues. Such an approach will allow the nurse to engage actions that reduce such accumulation.
Further, he or she will be able to pass adequate information to the patients advising them the respective things that they should engage (Sun et al., 2014). The nurse will assess the patients’ skin temperature, such a perception will allow him or her determine respective approaches to reduce excessive heat associated with the patient due to extreme accumulation of waste products in the body (Lim et al., 2012). The nurse will be entitled to monitor oxygen saturation in the body. The aspect will manipulate strategic approached to ensure that oxygen is sufficiently transmitted in the body. The approach will invite the nurse to provide adequate advice to the patient on the respective diet that is necessary to manipulate adequate oxygen transmission (Kannel & Belanger, 1991). Further, the nurse will encourage the patient to have an adequate rest at the bed. The approach will reduce cardiac overload where it will not be overwhelmed, and the heart will be in a position to function as perceived (Yang, 2008). Further, the nurse will teach the patient the necessary information that will help manage the disease. Finally, the nurse will keep on repositioning the patient after every two hours to ensure that he or she does not develop sores.
Conclusion
In conclusion, heart failure affects a large population in the world and is a common killer disease. It is a disease that undermines the body’s metabolism where one is not able to engage maximum digestion and excretion (Bittencourt, Reis & Armênio Costa Guimarães, 2011). It is an aspect that emanates from heart failure where blood is not sufficiently pumped at the other parts attracting extreme sophistication.
References
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