criminal justice

Web Trip 3
Short essay 1.1
One of the most interesting career in criminal justice is being a polygraph examiner. I would like my fellow students to know that the job is exciting because the attendants receive training on how to use the instruments especially in jobs related to law enforcement. Also, it uses human behavior to expose the truth.
Short essay 1.2
Currently, a viral quote was made by US present Donald Trump relating to the African countries. In one of his speech, he described African people as ‘shitholes’. Although the president said it, media has sensationalized it in the news making it resemble a big insult. Though president may not have meant what people think he had intended because of the way media has exaggerated. I think media should avoid embellishing whatever they found to avoid creating division and hatred amongst people.
Short essay 2.1
The following are some silly laws in Florida, which can land one to the hands of law.
It is illegal to be caught singing in public especially when wearing a swimsuit.
Using a property that is no longer in use to maintain a car is prohibited.
It is illegal to sell ice cream in a cemetery.
Short essay 3.1
The following are the ten Bill of Rights in the constitution of United States. The first amendment requires that no law should go against people who exercise their religion, freedom of speech and expression of the press. The change applies to me because I need freedom of expression. The second amendment states that people should respect the arms of government as it is well regulated by the state.

It applies to me because I have to respect the arms of the government. The third amendment needs all the state soldiers to avoid quartering in anyhow whether during peace or the war but should follow the rules. It does not apply to me since I am not a soldier. The fourth amendment is the right against unreasonable searches and seizures. According to this Bill of Right, someone who is suspected should not be forced by intruding in his private life provided the person did not interfere with the public; he/she should be respected according. Also, the person should be recognized by not taking any physical evidence within him in such a way that he/she has no any other option but submit to the law. The amendment does not apply to me. The Fifth Amendment is the right to grand jury hearing in felony cases, which gives protection to those who have committed a crime. They are given chances to express themselves despite the fact that they are guilty. The sixth amendment gives the right to the accused to have a right to public trial and to speedy in all the criminal prosecutions. He/she is given a chance to have a witness. It does not apply to me since I have never participated in any crime. The seventh amendment requires that when the value charged exceeds twenty dollars, there should be the preservation of the right of trial by jury. The eighth amendment requires that accused should not be excessively bailed or the punishment given should not inflict the person.it does not apply to me because I have never participated in any crime. The ninth amendment states that the swearing in the constitution of particular rights shall not prevent others who are retained by the people. The tenth amendment needs that any powers not given to the US by the law should be reserved to the states (Haley 2012).
Essay 4.1
Philosophy of community policing refers to an attitude that concentrates on how the community and the police relate to better the community by solving and addressing the challenges of the residence. To make it more efficient, it is advisable that programs are prepared to give incentives to those residents who report unlawful practices to the police to enhance their operation.
Essay 4.2
In the Field Trip, an excellent example of racial profiling is when the white police stopped and searched black drivers compared to other road users. Strict rules should be enacted to prevent racial profiling where those involved lose their jobs.
Short essay 5.1 plea bargaining
Advantages
During the process of plea-bargaining, the offenders receive reduced or terminated charges, which is better off, compared to those who opt not to plea. Also, it gives time to the prosecutor to have ample negotiation with the defendant. Again, it enables the prosecutor to avoid any unpredictable obtaining convictions directed to the approval of the judges (Haley 2012).
Disadvantages
Plea-bargaining gives the defendant an opportunity to plead guilty, and during the process, they are not willing to admit that they are guilt and may be willing to take any punishment. Again, it leads to the defendant confessing to crimes that he/she may not have committed. Also, the bargaining makes some people especially the offender who may be innocent to plead guilty due to the pressure from the people instead of facing the harsh sentence.
Therefore, I think allowing plea bargaining does not serve justice because the offenders may be pressured to accept a crime that he/she never participated in fear of facing the severe ruling (Haley 2012).
Essay 5.2
Stages of criminal trial
Bench trial
It is done by the sixth amendment where a judge has the mandate to rule the case according to the evidence and procedure of the court. Witnesses can be given the opportunity to have their say.
Jury selection
It is the stage where both parties are given the opportunity to speak the truth. At this stage, they are asked questions about their occupation, service, and other general issues.
Opening statement
It gives a clue on what the prosecutor needs to prove that the offender committed a particular crime.
Prosecution’s case in chief
It is where the prosecutor gives the whole evidence to the court which includes the presence of witnesses in the case.
Defense’s case
It is where the judge calls upon dismissing the case due to reasons such as insufficient evidence. If the evidence is enough, the argument may go ahead and call the witnesses.
Rebuttal
It is where the prosecutor calls another witness to disprove the case after the defense has rested his/her case.
Closing argument
It is where the attorney summarizes the whole evidence by starting from those presented by the prosecutor.
Jury instructions
It is where the judge gives particular instructions important to the case, which has the charges and the items which each party must prove undoubtedly.
Jury deliberations
It usually is done in private where the primary business is to pick a jury supervisor.
Essay 6.1
Important issues to consider include the following. Firstly, retribution where the convicted should be punished according to their crime. Secondly, incapacitation is where the offender is restricted from repeating the same mistake in future through limiting their freedom. Thirdly, deterrence where the offenders are instilled with jeopardy to prevent them from committing crimes again. Fourthly, rehabilitation where the attitude and the behaviors of the offenders are changed to fit the society. Finally, restoration helps in curing the damage caused by the offender.
This rationale influences the judge’s sentencing by giving appropriate condition to the level of the crime committed by the offender.
Short essay 6.2
One innocent project of Florida is for James Bain, which happened in March 4, 1974. The facts is rape, breaking, entering, and kidnapping. He was found guilty and sentenced 35 years. Exoneration date was December 17, 2009. The subsequent impact is that he was compensated.
Reference
Bohm, R. M. & Haley, K. N. (2012). Introduction to criminal justice (7th ed.). Westerville, OH: Glencoe.