Define and discuss the concepts of Universality versus Diversity

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Universality versus Diversity
Diversity is a term that is used in reference to the existing similarities and differences in identities, perspectives, and point of views amongst members of a particular institution or even a society. Universality, on the other hand, is a tendency to presume that individual character and personalities are commonly shared in a cultural society or social group. The ongoing conversations amongst scholars on the two are usually concerned with the determination of the extent of similarities and differences with regards to individuals. As such, there are considerations on how much a person shares commonalities with some people, all people or with nobody in their respective social setting (Kitayama& Cohen 32). Universality and diversity as issues have been a raging debate on the field of psychology.
Theories in the field of psychology have for long created an assumption that there are homogeneity and stability amongst nations in terms of culture. This is as a fact that has been discounted by the current state of political, economic and global demographic changes (Kitayama& Cohen 76). Though upholding of ethical standards is partially what all professions entail, and as such part of their education, it is contentious on whether the ethical reasoning is universal across cultures or specifically dependent on a particular culture. The proponents of its universality are, however, weighed on by the burden of explaining why there are unique patterns existent in different parts of the world.

The behaviors and moral reasoning in Asia are reflective of their Confucian values. This is an aspect amiss in the western spheres of the world (Kitayama& Cohen 78).
Though practitioners in the field of social sciences have since ancient days mapped differences in countries, using factors such as age, ethnicity, language, and occupation, these variables have in the recent times been challenged by massive changes such as by immigration that have disrupted the idea of stability in cultures (Kitayama& Cohen 79). The infusion of external cultures into other regions, coupled with the globalization of knowledge, has challenged the concepts of diversity. Though the different social classes may have preexisting diverse differences and similarities, the ensuing exposure to new settings creates a situation where traditional cultural standards get deeply embedded but for a short time. This diversity gets worn down as social interactions take place facilitated by common utilities such as educational institutions, religious centers, sports, and entertainment. This factor is associated with an integration of the different and diverse cultures where there are eventual compromises leading to the development of common social traits as a new all-inclusive society is developed. This brings with it shifts in perceptions on issues such as morality and even human rights (Kitayama& Cohen 98).
Work Cited
Kitayama, Shinobu, and Dov Cohen, eds. Handbook of cultural psychology. Guilford Press, 2010.