Design And Implementation Of The Emergency And Contingency Plan

Design and implementation of the emergency and contingency plan

To comply with the objectives of the project, it is intended to outline in the following frame some of the most important theories to take into account in the construction of the design of the emergency plan.

The emergency plan and contingencies. It is the main instrument that defines the organization systems and the applicable general procedures to face emergency situations in a timely and efficient way. Likewise, it is the integral response that involves the entire institution with the commitment of managers and employees in permanent action to respond timely and effectively with the activities corresponding to the before, during and after an emergency.

According to the Spanish engineer Luis María Azcuénaga Linaza, a specialist in all issues related to labor safety and health, in the third edition of his book “Preparation of an emergency plan in the company” in collaboration with the Association for the Prevention of Prevention ofAccidents from Spain determines the following:

“The emergency plan is a‘ living ’document, in which the possible situations that require an immediate and organized action of a group of people specially informed and formed, before a serious event that can derive in consequences cataloged as disaster. Every company must prepare an emergency plan that takes into account four concrete actions: fire prevention and extinction. First aid measures. Appointment of personnel responsible for implementing these measures.

Personnel evacuation."

According to the global risk report thrown by CNN in Spanish in 2016, Colombia is located in the 82nd position of the ranking, with a risk level of 6.72 %, which places it in a better situation in front of countries like Chile(position 26), Honduras (35), Ecuador (65), Panama (69) and Peru (79). Argentina is the best positioned Latin American country, in 134th place, with 3.62 % risk level. According to the 2015 World Economic Forum for the qualifier, the countries that foresee disasters have a better enlistment for climate change and, having financial provisions for emergencies, are more prepared for the future.

1. Natural National Parks of Colombia, Methodological Guide for the formulation of emergency and contingency plans, Bogotá March 2013
2. Terminology of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Eird, 2004
3. Azcuénaga Linaza, Luis María. Preparation of an emergency plan in the company. 
4. World Economic Forum. Global Risk. 2015. 

The aforementioned Global Risk Report includes within the 15 countries with the greatest probability of disasters of natural and natural socio -American origin to four Latin American, which in their order are: Guatemala (4), Costa Rica (7), El Salvador (10)and Nicaragua (14). The first place worldwide is occupied by Vanuatu, an island country located in the South Pacific, with 36.72 % risk. This study shows that disasters and their potential effects are not only the result of extreme natural events, but are also determined by social conditions. While these classifications seem encouraging at risk levels and prevention management, the reality is that disaster events occur in Colombia with a high level of impact on life, goods and conditions that favor development, in a waythat disasters give testimony about the magnitude and depth of damages and effects.

According to researchers José Hernando Ávila Toscano, Omar Augusto Vivas Cortés and Ana Herrera Flórez, there is a social demand for better public actions in the containment of disasters and prevention, so that it is not acceptable that governments declare their inabilityto handle the threatening phenomena as an evasive element of their responsibilities derived from the lack of forecast and the non -application of the prevention principle.

According to Wilches-Chaux, "territorial security" could be described as "the ability of a territory to offer its inhabitants certain" stability "conditions, which prevent threats of different origin (natural, socio-natural, anthropic) fromterritory or abroad, can become disasters ".

It can be understood by emergency plans as a set of strategies established in advance whose purpose is to reduce the possibility of loss, its main objective is to safeguard life, passing to the backthat can cause collective risk. It is known as threat to those internal or external factors, of natural, technological or social origin that may cause damage to the community generating injuries, deaths, damage to the physical and economic infrastructure of it;This threat directly affects vulnerability, and this is nothing more than susceptibility or predisposition to suffer damage, precisely this is measured in people, resources and systems and processes, with this relationship of threat and vulnerability we have the result of what isRisk, and we can understand it as the probability that something happens and that something (threat) generates damage to physical integrity (vulnerability), so to greater intervention on vulnerability, less is probability and vice versa. Within these concepts we can find others with which the community must also become familiar, such as alert and alarm, the first refers to the notice that a danger situation and indicates that we must be willing to act, it is usually a noticeSound coded timbres, mermaid, bells;The second refers to the pre -established notice in which actions must be immediateA sound that is longer than the previous one, such as a continuous siren. 

Following an emergency situation, a disaster can be generated, this can be understood to make it simple, as of greater magnitude than the first, however the disaster can affect the normal functioning of a community, it is an even more serious situation that requiresimmediate action by relief agencies. 

Risk management would then be the entire process of risk of risk reduction and disaster management in a community, generating greater awareness of this, which seeks to contribute to security, quality of life, well -being and sustainable development. Risk management is an indispensable development policy that is associated with short, medium and long term looks, which seek to create conditions for our municipality, and in general the territory where we live, have good conditions to deal with risksthat originate the natural phenomena or those created by the human being.