Earth Science And Its Internal Structure

Earth science and its internal structure

Introduction

Due to the speed with which the remains of nebula in the formation of the Earth, there was a great warming, sufficient to promote the foundry of iron and nickel, said foundry caused the penetration of metal drops to the center of the planet thus forming aIron Core. When the heating began the masses of molten rock rich in oxygen and litophilic elements such as silicon, aluminum, among others, ascended to the surface forming the bark.

Developing

• The nucleus: it is the most internal portion of the earth. It is believed that the composition of the nucleus is an iron and nickel alloy with minor amounts of oxygen, silicon and sulfur, elements that form easily composed with iron, have a very high density. In addition, it is divided into external nucleus which is in liquid state and in internal nucleus with greater density and in solid state
• The bark: it is considered the finest layer with 7 kilometers thick, it contains igneous or basalt rocks, it is the outer layer of the earth. It is divided into oceanic crust being this the youngest layer with approximately 180 million years with a thickness of (5 to 10 km) and continental cortex formed by older rocks and with a thickness of 70 km
• Mantle: More than 82 percent of the volume of the earth is contained in the mantle, it has a solid rock wrap, mostly peridotite which is known for adopting a more compact crystalline structure and of greater density;that extends to a depth of 2.

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  900 kilometers believe that approximately its thick. González Oviedo, L. (2019). Geology, Science and Culture. Bogotá: Colombian Geological Service.

Taking into account the seismic waves and the change that they have inside the earth we can identify changes in their behavior noticing differences in the material, this is known as discontinuity, which are noted in the limits of each layer as:

• The cortex at the limit with the next layer forms the discontinuity of Mohorovicic.
• The mantle forms the discontinuity of Gutenberg with the nucleus limit.
• The internal nucleus appears from the discontinuity of Wiechert.

The discovery of the structure of the earth is due to the observation of the behavior of the earthquakes, since, they indicate the behavior of the seismic waves One of the physical properties of the interior of the earth is the increase in temperature and pressure with the pressure withRegarding depth, that is, at greater depth there is an increase in temperature and pressure.

The movement of some rocks of the cortex and the upper mantle on the lower mantle is due to the fact that these rocks are close to their melting temperature that allows them greater movement and fluidity, while the lower mantle despite being exposed to aGreat temperature, thanks to the high pressure caused by this depth, is in a solid state, which allows the cortex and the upper mantle to have mobility on this.

Taking into account that the lithosphere forms a rigid and cold level, so it is resistant. While the upper astenosfera is soft that it approaches its melting point. The theory of the tectonic of the plates explains that the superficial lithosphere layer is fragmented in pieces of different sizes which fit each other varying its composition;They can be of oceanic, continental or mixed bark that are in motion

Alfred Wegener was a German who proposed the hypothesis of continental drift, one of its principles was the supercontinent Pangea, who over time began to separate in smaller continents. A few years later Irish scientist John Joly explained the reason why a part of the mantle melts and causes a thermal convection, known as the basis of convection theory.

To support the theory of plaque tectonic we can take as proof the earthquakes, age and thickness of the sediments of the underwater basins, the existence of islands in hot spots, geological failures, mineral deposits, among others. Some of the factors that propitiate the movement of tectonic plates are: the drag force of the plate, the dorsal thrust force and the suction force of the plate. In addition, they move thanks to the heat produced in the nucleus of the Earth, this causes the molten rock movement inside the mantle.

Oceanic cortex: It has a thickness of 7 km, it is composed of igneous rocks known as basalts has a homogeneous chemical composition and is relatively one of the youngest layer. Continental cortex: It has a thickness of 70 km, it has a heterogeneous composition, in the upper part you can find granite rock and at the bottom basalt your age can be identified according to the cratones or orogens. The convergent limits are the plates that move together forming a subduction zone by this process we can show the oceanic graves. Divergent limits The plates are separated forming the oceanic crest and the seabed.

conclusion

The earthquakes originate by the interaction of the tectonic plates, the movement will depend on the type of failure, that is, a rock is deformed accumulating elastic deformation energy;If the applied effort is relatively small, the rock behaves elastically, while, if the applied effort is very large, it will produce too large deformations, and it comes to break the rock different effects for different directions. No, the places where tectonic plates are joined when there is a sudden movement is more likely to be more possible that there is a fault in that site.

Bibliography

• User, s. (2020). Plate tectonics theory and continental drift.
• Tectonic plates. (2020).
• González Oviedo, L. (2019). Geology, Science and Culture. Bogotá: Colombian Geological Service.
• (Biosphere Project. (2020).