History Of The Democratic Process Of Mexico

History of the democratic process of Mexico

As we know, our democracy has already has a long time, although this has not been carried out correctly. The democratic process of Mexico is reflected from the Constitutions, starting with that of Cádiz, that of 1824, that of 1857 and finally, with that of 1917. Each of them having political and social individual rights that arose thanks to the different movements, civil wars and revolutions.

In ancient times the elections were held indirectly, a number of people who came out to vote to choose a candidate who competed with others more. Already when the candidate was chosen, another percentage of people went out to vote to choose the winner.

The 1824 Constitution indicated that the candidate who had the most votes was the one who stayed with the position. This election method came from the ideals of the United States. Almost none of this has changed, currently that way of designating the winner remains the same;The only thing that changed in the election process was that, during the passage of time, institutions arose that would somehow avoid the electoral fraud and would be more transparent.

The first elections were in 1812 following the Constitution of Cádiz, of course, at that time women could not vote, but not only were they repressed, that right to mulattos, blacks, among others, were also denied, among others. Only Creoles, peninsular and those who were above could do it.

In 1828 there was only an approximate of 8 voters, from here the manipulation to people was already underway.

During this period, until 1911 with Porfirio Díaz, there was already a failure in democracy. Díaz modified the laws to be re -elected and remain in power for many years. This led to society to manifest against this, because it caused citizens’ discontent by being deprived of the right to vote. All this caused a lot of conflict and of course distrust that even today follows.

Throughout our history, the election of the presidents of our country has been a slow process and with relevant changes, as mentioned above, they were chosen indirectly, there was no institution that would regulate the entire process.

Madero is the first president who makes a political campaign throughout the country, tried to form a democratic party to avoid reelections again, but there is the first electoral fraud registered in the twentieth century and was arrested during the electoral campaign and forcedTo leave the area, from the prison creates the plan of San Luis that gives continuation to the Mexican revolution.

Subsequently, political parties such as the (PNR) Revolutionary National Party in 1929 were born, over time it evolved and became (PRM) party of the Mexican Revolution 1938, and its last change occurs in 1946 becoming appointed (PRI) Institutional Revolutionary Party, name that is maintained to date.

Other political parties created were: National Action Party (PAN) in 1939, and by 1989 the Democratic Party of the Revolution. These political parties have been the most "popular" during the elections of Mexico;But it was not until 2014, Morena was founded, a party that became the most followed by people and currently governing the country.

As we know, the PRI was in power 71 consecutive years, in this period the presidents were chosen by the famous "Dedazo", this method was that the president designated his best candidate to be his successor. The elections that occurred during this long time were manipulated to have who wanted, because there was some preference for family or close friends, simply to cover the irregularities that had occurred during a six -year period. This process caused the electoral frauds to be more constant and in a more violent way, because when many events occurred to the presidency.

In 1940, during the campaign of Manuel Ávila Camacho along with Almazán and candidates from other parties, they had a confrontation where there was an assault of polls, rallies, wounded and even dead. The elections favored Camacho and was in power until 1946.

In that year the then Federal Electoral Commission, now INE, issued a credential to vote without photography, these were obtained illegally, going to institutions with the influence. The only security that this credential had was the water mark that carried the national shield and specific data such as full name, the occupation, the place of birth and marital status. These credentials ceased to occur in 1976.

In 1952, in the electoral process of Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, another problem arose. The PRI was accused of harassing and harassing other candidates, this annoyance affected the politic. Everything indicated that he had been a winner and during the celebration they were repressed by taking away the victory.

During the Ruiz Cortines government the laws were modified so that the Mexican woman enjoyed her citizenship, giving them the right to vote. In 1955 this repression towards Mexican women was left aside and came to vote for the first time. It was said that they could not count on this right, since it was weak sex and would be easier to manipulate.

In 1958, when he was going to vote for the successor of Ruiz Cortines, boxes were opened for the elections in places that were not agreed without prior notice. In these elections the voters passed from the box in a box voting several times, many credentials were also distributed that day, which was illegal, and the final result was the triumph to López Mateos with a high percentage.

The best known and relevant electoral fraud in Mexican history was the one that occurred in 1988 with Salinas de Gortari. In these elections, candidate Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas was in front, but a system failure happened for “chance”, when the system was repaired, it was said that the absolute winner was Salinas. The elections were so well manipulated in such a way that the PRI had 50 % +1 in the votes, since it was an indispensable requirement that this percentage remained that way, because it could not have less because if it would not be understood that less than halfof citizens were unhappy, and that it would not be a real triumph. Years later, to be exact in 1994, Salinas was already at all to conclude his six -year. Those elections were "clear and transparent", but that was a consequence of the so -called "fear vote. “The first time the fear vote was used in Mexico was in 1994. Then, the PRI deployed a whole campaign among the population by ensuring that, if they did not vote for Ernesto Zedillo, the country could enter a stage of instability and ungovernability due to the Zapatista conflict. This same electoral vote was repeated in 2012, but now it was the PRI and its candidate, Enrique Peña Nieto, against López Obrador when comparing it with Hugo Chávez ”.1 We are not going so far, because if we sit down to talk with adults, they really are afraid of a change, and that’s why they commit the same patterns. Whether or not our patterns, family and friends influence our decision to vote for a candidate, but of one thing if we are sure, all change generates fear.

This fraud gave process to the creation of the Federal Electoral Institute, an institution that was founded with the objective of giving certainty, transparency and legality to the elections. With this creation it was stated that something similar of what occurred during this government and those that had previously happened happened again again again. In 1994 the IFE organizes its first election to the Presidency, also carrying out the first debate, and in 2014 it becomes a National Electoral Institute (INE).

The organization of this process, at least today, consists of the raffle of the month of which citizens will have to participate in the boxes and witness the elections. The authorities responsible for this raffle arrive at their home and ask if they want to participate, then they are trained, they are assigned a position as president, vice president, secretary and three INE scrutineers, who are the only. On the part of political parties, 5 or 6 people are taken to supervise that there is no fraud and witnesses, they have to do that the scrutineers cancel all the tickets that were not used so that no one can pour any extra vote.

The scrutineers are responsible for emptying the polls on a table and counting them in a responsible manner, the secretary and the vice president are responsible for filling minutes where they put all the necessary figures as how many tickets were at the beginning, how many left over, how many people went to vote,how many were not and place the number of votes of each party. The president’s function is to supervise everything, to publicNational Electoral Institute and that there is no discontent from them. After the headquarters are closed where the elections were held, no one can enter, the people trained for this process are exclusively.

They have really caused society to participate in these processes so that there are no fraud, so that they are satisfied, although citizens are indirectly "bought" in some way. We live in a conformist society, that if they offer us a pantry we accept it and vote for the one who gave it, we settle for so little. In more recent cases people no longer believe in the promises they do during campaigns, we have gone through so many situations that affect the entire country: crisis, waste of money, devaluations and many more things that make us distrust from governments and theirpromises.

Returning to the theme of the PRI, it was until the year 2000 when they take the power to the PRI and the bread enters the elections in a clean way, otherwise it would be said that Fox was the one who made fraud, but it is not known for sureIf until today there were more frauds or at least Andrés Manuel mentions that in the two times they won there.

Mexico lives a null democracy, a democracy that has rarely made a presence, before the votes were not taken into account, they were always manipulated, had filled with urns and false identifications. Most electoral contests ended in Matanzas. I don’t think this process is a healthy democracy, a democracy that from the beginning had to have the country.