Influence Of Important Philosophers On Modern Epistemological Models

Influence of important philosophers on modern epistemological models

Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that is responsible for studywhich justify or invalidated an indication, attending to the emergence of new problems, rethinking previous problems, new solution proposals and new exploration routes. To express the objective and in general, talk about epistemology, it is necessary. For this reason, the philosophical thoughts of Plato and Aristotle will be taken into account, because they had a lot of influence on the nature of knowledge and teaching.

For Plato, knowledge aims to find an irrefutable concept to know things. The most eminent knowledge will then be the knowledge of the universal and the lowest will be the knowledge of the particular. This doctrine is an irreconcilable separation between universal knowledge and the real world, for Plato this concept of the universal does not imply an abstract form, but that each of this universal knowledge corresponds to a concrete reality. Johnson, c. (s. F.). 

On the other hand, Plato defends an epistemological dualism, on the one hand, sensitive knowledge and on the other an intellectual knowledge. The sensitive knowledge is study. From the sensitive world you cannot have total, partial and subjective knowledge, therefore, of this can only have an opinion, while intellectual knowledge aims at an intelligible world, a world of ideas that does not change. Plato calls this type of intelligence knowledge, ideas are not known by sensation but through thought.

Both degrees of knowledge give rise to deoxy opinion that is not reliable because it is based on the perception of the senses. Intellectual knowledge is subdivided first in discursive knowledge (dianoia) that knows mathematical objects and secondThe dialectic. Both degrees of knowledge give rise to the episteme or science that is a rational, universal and true knowledge. Epistemological Theory – Philosopher with Plato. (s. F.). 

Therefore, Aristotle, who was Plato’s disciple and was a rationalist philosopher, proposes a logical system that starts from truths, guarantees new truths and reaches the true and intuitive knowledge of the principles and intuition of essences as substantial formsOf things. However, Aristotle exposes a theory of knowledge from a realistic and empiricist position, where the sensitive world is the only existing one, where all substances are part, composed of matter and form and rationality.

True knowledge is knowing how to identify the substance of each thing, work of understanding. This process consists in recognizing causes and principles, among which is the formal cause, the essence. All this are potentialities that for Aristotle reside in the matter and that allow us to understand each thing and what will be transformed. The combination between imagination and memory makes an image of what is experienced through the senses, which allow us to understand what the potential of each thing are.

Taking into account their point of view, these philosophers influenced modern epistemological models, because they contributed to various standards of scientific work, provided variables that helped systematize epistemological approaches, such as gnoseological type, referring to convictionsAbout the source of knowledge, simplified in two values such as empiricism and rationalism and ontological type, referring to convictions about the subject’s relationships with reality, also simplified in two values that are idealism and realism.

When these variables cross four epistemological approaches that are: the empirical-realistic approach (measurements, experiments, controlled induction) are displayed, the empirical-idealistic approach (ethnography, coexistence designs, reflexive induction), the rationalist-realistic approach (abstractions, logical-mathematical systems, controlled deduction) and the rationalist-idealist approach (free interpretations, broad languages, reflexive argument). The analysis of each of these approach. Another positive aspect of these epistemological approaches is that the variations of the trends that could take place in the near future can also be foreseen.

These approaches are very important, because with them a world can be built or transform,Interpretive, this depends on the approach and corresponds to explain why the events occur in the way they were described or interpret the underlying symbolisms, then leads us to a contrastive phase, which corresponds to evaluating the theories elaborated in the previous phase and finallyend in an application phase, which intends to exploit the theories already evaluated for reality control.

To conclude, these philosophers had a direct influence with modern epistemological models, because the disciplines exposed by them can be considered factual (meta-theoretical), since it is found in the history of science and scientific research and whoseMeta-theoretical results tend to be inputs of a science technology, in an application phase that aims to be effective and efficient in operational and instrumental controls on scientific processes.