Personality Cognitive-Social Learning Theory

Personality cognitive-social learning theory

Introduction.

The cognitive-social learning theory argues that people acquire behaviors through the observation and imitation of models, that is, they learn to be like the people around them, or with those who grow, are usually parents, brothers and friends. Bandura argues that individuals learn through their social environment, considering human functioning as the result of a series of interactions of environmental factors, personal factors and behavioral factors. 

An important term in this approach is "modeling" referring that the person of early age chooses the model of the person from which it abstracts behaviors, usually in those who have prestige, whose behavior is perceived as valuable in their culture. Imitation to these models is a main element of the way children learn to speak, to manage emotions, cultivate moral sense and assimilate the behavior of their sex. 

In an experiment made by Bandura, he postulated that adults are still in that phase of imitating for example the bosses or colleagues at work, the experiment consisted of presenting a group of children from a nursery with a film with a film in the dollthat a young woman hit a doll. Bandura could notice that children observing this behavior in the video tended to imitate it. This might not seem relevant or an experiment with little contribution in principle, but it is considered the fact that these children changed their behavior without initially a reinforcement aimed at exploiting said behavior, it is a very interesting fact.

However, this personality approach only takes into account the thought processes and recognizes the role they play when deciding whether or not a behavior must be imitated or not. Although it can explain some fairly complex behaviors, it cannot properly explain how we develop a whole range of behaviors, including thoughts and feelings. 

Developing.

A systematic bibliographic review of scientific articles published in important magazines such as Scielo, Science Direct, Elsevier, with the term approach to the cognitive-social learning theory of personality and completed research with the manual search in specialized magazines and bibliographic references and with bibliographic referencesof undergraduate research works.

The human being is a social being by nature and therefore seeks to relate to other individuals in order to meet their needs through the interaction that has society. The way in how you think, feel and act within it is known as the manifestation of personality.  The cognitive-social learning theory related to personality according to Ferreira, Wendkos and Duskin, states that people approve the behaviors approved by society by observation and imitation of models, that is;for observing others. Producing that the observer’s behavior is modified or obtains a new learning of the new experience observed. Jara, Olivera and Yerrén.

According to Bandura, individuals are the result of everything that is in their environment, given the theory of cognitive learning raised by this author the behavior and other factors such as the personality of an adult will be determined by two ways: theFirst call direct learning and vicarious learning. Direct learning refers to what the child learns for himself in his environment, while vicarious learning was developed by the ability to observe each individual. 

Pascual, which supports this theory, everything depends on the individual’s ability to reflect on the consequences caused by a certain behavior, creating their own self-evaluation.  According to Rotter, supporting Bandura Personality is the management of expectations, it is oriented to the goals, since individuals can regulate themselves due to their freedom and ability to change throughout life. Bandura mentions that personality is also influenced by previous experiences.

After several studies Bandura had concluded that frequent exposure to aggression and violence on television encourages children to behave aggressively showing themselves very concerned about the aggressive models that our culture provides. This is the result of the tendency we have to capture the things that look at attention and to want to seize them, whether objects, people or behaviors.

The case of Jaylene Smith, is a clear evidence of the cognitive-social learning theory, since the aforementioned background shows that his personality is the result of lived experiences, environment and cognition. That is why in the case of Jaylene, she developed certain behaviors from observing her father who influenced her to be a doctor, while the mother’s behavior did not have great importance, since seeing her frequent family discussions, she develops a behavior of a behavior ofindifference to marriage, finally the competitiveness of his brothers influenced aggressive behavior with others. When it is assumed that personality arises from observing others, attention is necessary to obtain a new learning. 

According to Bandura, self-efficacy is about the expectations that people have and the feeling of success behind the efforts made. self-efficacy can be understood as a belief system built by the subject from their personal experiences, which condition and predict the organization and execution of motivational, cognitive and emotional responses linked to the performance capacity of certain human actions.

The notion of control that people have about their own lives arises based on the fact that people strive to exercise a certain degree of control over the facts they consider important for themselves, thus achieving their objectives. Many people believe that their destiny depends on luck, that is, it is influenced by foreign factors that cannot control. Within control beliefs, those that are related to the location of the domain and those that are related to the effectiveness to exercise it can be distinguished. 

People with an internal locus believe that through arduous effort, skill and training will obtain reinforcement and avoid unpleasant moments or any type of sanction, with this concept we could say that Jaylene Smith, has an internal locus for which she is dedicated to studyinglong hours to get away from the bad times that passed around other people. 

Our behavior is the product of interaction of both cognitive factors that refer to how we think about a situation and how we see our behavior in that situation. That is to say that encompass concepts such as thought, selective perception, motivation, affections, strategies, self-concept, self-efficacy. On the other hand, it is also influenced by behavioral factors that are based on response systems governed by learning principles, based on understanding learning and previous experiences that include reinforcement and modeling, the latter is given by the careful observation thatputs the individual when assuming new personality roles.

The environmental factors, in other words, the immediate exterior environment, where the people of which we will learn, according to Bandura, are established, they establish themselves and start from being from reflexive and self-regulating, not simple reactive organisms molded and dominated by theExternal events. If we have a unique quality with the function of forward planning, pointing out that we set goals, we can advance to the probable consequences of future actions, we select and create courses of action that produce the desired results and avoid negatives.

conclusion.

Albert Bandura’s social learning theory argues that the learning of behaviors during the stage of personality development is the result of observing the behavior of other people who are models or representations;Most violent behaviors that children observe, remember or imitate are actions that models from families or media exhibit. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between child aggression and the family environment;The set of environmental factors such as parenting, rejection and aggressive behaviors of parents function as potential moderators in the effects generated by the observation of determining behaviors in how each individual assumes each individual.

Bibliography

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• Cartagena, m. (2008). Redalyc.
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• Ferreira, and. (March 2016). Academy.Edu.
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• Jara, m., Olivera, m., & Yerén, and. (June 6, 2018). Magazine of Psychology.
• López, a. (2014). UTI repository.