Quantitative Research And Types Of Research

Quantitative research and types of research

Introduction

Mental disorders are psychological alterations that can occur without exceptions of age, in which the individual undergoes effects on their elementary mental functions such as motivation, language, consciousness etc. The DSM-IV manual divides these conditions into four groups:

• Psychotic disorders that are those that affect the social interactions of the individual and have symptoms such as hallucinations and distortions.
• The major affective disorders that create alterations in the mood and motivation of the individual.
• Compulsive obsessive disorders that are those where the individual has repetitive behaviors and/or thoughts. An example of this is the TOC.
• And personality disorders, which are that our project is going to be based, they include the alterations that the individual has about his personality and his interpersonal and social relationships.

Developing

It is the obtaining of new relevant and reliable information through a scientific method to understand, verify, correct or apply knowledge (Hernández, Fernández & Baptista, 1998). According to the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) the word investigate (it comes from the Latin “investigate”), this verb refers to the act of carrying out strategies to discover something. It also refers to the set of intellectual and experimental activities of a systematic nature, with the intention of increasing knowledge on a certain matter.

Research is a process of reflection that carries an order and control and allows us to reveal new phenomena and understand the non -partial truth of reality. “Generically, research is an activity of man aimed at discovering something unknown.”An investigation can be defined as an effort that is used to solve a problem, of course, a problem of scientific knowledge, through scientific processes. Research is a set of operations carried out by the researcher through inquiry, observation and experimentation to expand their information and knowledge of an unknown topic.

Example: functioning of the brain or mental activity after the death of a human being, the studies of people’s brain activity after death is a case of an investigation of the University of Southampton that confirmed that thoughts continue after theHeart stops, this research work showed that people still experience awareness for up to three minutes after being declared dead.

Types of scientific research 

There are 15 types of scientific research:

 The experimental here also the variables can be operated however there is no total control of them.

• Non -experimental research: This type of research is based on the observation of the phenomenon and, the variables that compose it cannot be measured.
• Deductive method research: in this I · Pure or theoretical research: in this type of research the applicability of the information obtained is not taken into account but that they focus specifically on collecting information.
• Applied Research: This type of research aims to use and apply the knowledge obtained an example of this are research in the health area where diseases are tried to cure.
• Exploratory research: This type of research as its name says is the pioneer in the topic that touches, issues are sought that have not been seen depth above in order to collect more information.
• Descriptive research: unlike exploratory research Descriptive research is responsible for explaining in depth each of the characteristics of the phenomenon studied and calculating each variable of it to give a complete description.
• Explanatory Research: In this type of research it is about explaining the origin and effects of a particular phenomenon focusing on why and for what things.
• Qualitative research: It is that research that obtains results that cannot be quantified, focusing more on the description of the problem.
• Quantitative Research: On the contrary of qualitative in the quantitative the research lends itself to be measured and analyzed in a mathematical way allowing them to carry out experiments.
• Experimental research: In this type of research, here the variables of a phenomenon can be operated from the different methods, to be able to show a hypothesis.
• CUASIEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION: As well as testing, it is about finding the verification or falsification of some hypothesis.
• Inductive Method Research: This research reaches an answer through the observation of the problem.
• Hypothetical-deductive method research: This research creates hypotheses from the observation of the facts and from these hypotheses theories originate.
• Longitudinal research: This research has as its main characteristic to monitor the phenomenon for a certain amount of time to see how it evolves.
• Transversal Research: In this type of research you have several subjects or phenomena that have the same characteristics in the same period of time to be compared. 

0. What are the methods used in research?

Scientific research methods are divided into two, empirical research methods and theoretical research methods. The empirical observation are:

• Observation: This method was the first to be used and is still used throughout the community for different investigations. Allows us to see and recognize reality. It is commonly used in descriptive sciences.
• Measurement: It is a method linked to empiricism and was created to be able to measure and evaluate the phenomenon to achieve numerical information that allows a quantitative interpretation.
• Experiment: This is one of the most complicated methods badly associated with empiricism, since this is more inclined to experimental logic.

       The theoretical research methods are:

• Hermeneutical method: In this method books, guides and guidelines are studied.
• Dialectic Method: In this method the important or main variable is the sociocultural processes that are in constant activity.
• Phenomenological method: In this method it is about covering all the components of the mind to know if they are real or fictitious.
• Historical Method: Method studies the phenomenon in an orderly and successive way to understand the evolution of the phenomenon.
• Systemic Method: This model focuses on the components of the phenomenon and its relationships.
• Synthetic Method: In this methods the facts selected are related to form a whole and study it in a global way.
• Logical method: This method derives from the scientific method and is less reliable since it maintains a classic position.This gave rise to the hypothetical-deductive method.

The plan is the intention and project through a systematic model that is prepared before performing an action in order to guide human activity in a certain direction. According to Alfonso Ayala Sánchez, a plan is the union of goals and objectives set to be able to direct an action or a project. A plan is a document prepared and presented by political organizations, which propose with the support of a diagnoses and development vision the objectives of policy guidelines, actions and strategies at the regional/ municipal level.

 Longenecker (2007) calls a plan as a project, a document where basic ideas are specified that support a government or non -governmental organization and describing considerations related to its beginning and its future operation, another concept mentions that a planIt is a way of thinking about the future of a certain project or business (More, 2006).

Next we will mention the objectives that are related to our project to be carried out:

Objective 2: 

Sponsor equality, cohesion, inclusion and social and territorial equity, in diversity. Promote social inclusion and cohesion, peaceful coexistence and the culture of peace, eradicating all forms of discrimination and violence. Generate dissemination, awareness, promotion and respect for human rights, with emphasis on the rights of children, adolescents and young people, older adults, women, LGBTI people and people with disabilities.

Guarantee specialized care during the life cycle to priority care groups, throughout the national territory, with co -responsibility between the State, the Society and the Family. Generate support and capacity development mechanisms for relatives in charge of care for priority care groups.

In the National Living Plan, Objective 2, Item 2.5.B and 2.8.e Promote equality towards priority groups that in Ecuador exist and make use of support mechanisms to provide help to families that have a member belonging to this group. This is related to our project since we seek awareness of adolescents towards a specific topic (mental disorders) we want they to know and identify these disorders, that there are people who can help them and not because they suffer from any.With inequality. 

Objective 3: 

Improve the quality of life of the population. Expand health prevention and promotion services to improve people’s conditions and lifestyle . Design and implement comprehensive health promotion mechanisms to prevent risks throughout the life cycle, with emphasis on social health determinants

In the National Living Plan, Objective 3, Item 3.2 A: Sustains and guarantees the implementation of mechanisms that can contribute and contribute to the awareness of health in young people where the issue of mental disorders can be discussed as mentioned in our project;Through comprehensive programs, recreational and dynamic talks that capture their attention and can prevent the evolution of psychological pathologies guaranteeing the mental health of young people and their integration into society.

Objective 4: 

Strengthen the capacities and potentialities of citizens. Promote non -formal and permanent education spaces for the exchange of knowledge and knowledge for learning society. Disseminate teaching methods and establish mechanisms that strengthen the role of households as holistic learning spaces.

Improve the quality of education at all levels and modalities, for the generation of knowledge and the integral formation of creative, solidarity, responsible, critical, participatory and productive people, under the principles of equality, social equity and territoriality . Ensure in educational programs the inclusion of content and didactic and informative activities that motivate interest in science, technologies and research, for the construction of a socialist knowledge society.

In the National Living Plan, Objective 4, Item 4.3.G and 4.4.I raise in the improvement of knowledge and teaching methods establishing mechanisms for the integral training of people. These objectives are related to our project because we seek to motivate students who acquire knowledge and investigate the causes and consequences that a person can have with (mental disorders) where different activities will be carried out that allow acquiring information and having a deeper knowledge of thepeople suffering from depression and anxiety.

According to Julián Pérez Porto and María Merino (2012) a program can be considered that it is the organized agenda where the characteristics or stages of an act in different fields are mentioned. Horacio Landa in 1976 defines a program as a logical succession of actions to achieve some response in a time already pre -established.

Example: 

The Community Integration Program valid in the Municipality of Guayas from January 1, 2015 and until December 31, 2019, has as a strategic objective “generating and applying policies that allow the integral human development of the citizens of the canton” andas a goal "develop social, sports and educational activities in the neighborhoods of urban and rural sectors for community integration". This program has budgeted an amount of $ 207,800.00 and this requires the approval of the senplades. 

According to the National Institute for Educational Cooperation (I.N.C.E), year 1970, a project is a planning with thematic actions related to each other that have the end of the search for a solution to a specific problem.  According to Montealegre m. A project is a rational and logical compound of functions aimed at achieving an objective following an order in which a group of qualified people are used to direct the activity to be carried out.

According to Váquiro (2010) project born from a meditation in the need to allow hypothesis to verify materialized concepts, it consists of different phases where they plan the activities to be carried out during it in order to meet the needs or solve problems. According to Edward Rogers, it defines a project as a set of strategies and plans that are intended.

Objectives

The general objective is to raise awareness among adolescents between 15 to 18 years in the Yaguachi canton about mental disorders. And the specific objectives are:

1. Generate awareness and sensitize adolescents students of the private school of Yaguachi on the impact that affectations such as depression and anxiety have on the individual.
2. Show the students of the Private College of Yaguachi the importance of support networks and social relationships and how these can positively influence people who suffer from depression and anxiety.

Poll

The survey is one of the best known and used research instruments. It consists of applying procedures, more or less standardized, with questions to a sample of representative subjects in the project carried out in order to obtain specific information that allows us to demonstrate a fact. The survey will be conducted between 15 and 18 years in the Yaguachi canton to record the knowledge they have about mental disorders and if these are the consequences of suffering them, in order to obtain a specific sample of the reality that live. 

conclusion

In conclusion, an investigation is an experimental process carried out by one or more people who use different methods to acquire new knowledge of scientific interest. According to the Pan American Health Organization, this occurs because governments do not assign resources to psychiatric hospitals in case of major disorders and community centers that can treat more efficient minor problems.

Mental disorders are a topic that in Ecuador has little visibility due to invisibility to most adolescents behaviors.This is a generational problem due to the gap between generations. According to WHO, Ecuador is among the 5 South American countries with the highest incidence in this type of disorders.

Within Ecuador the invisibility of these problems has caused a social gap and to some extent a discrimination to the people who suffer, plating them with crazy or sick people. This is why we have taken the initiative to make an awareness campaign of mental disorders focusing on personality disorders, specifically depression or anxiety.