questions on philosophy topics

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Questions on Morality
Question 1
For Kant, a good will acts NOT from inclination (desires/preferences) but from duty. An action can be judged to be good (right) if the action is done from the motive of duty and NOT merely in conformity with duty. For Kant, what is the difference between acting from the motive of duty and acting merely in conformity with duty? Why are actions done for the motive of duty be judged to be right (morally good) when actions done in conformity with duty are not?
(2 points)
Acting from the motive of duty implies that the person does an action because it is the right thing to do as opposed to considering the personal inclinations and preferences. On the other hand, acting in conformity with duty implies that it does not matter whether it is right or wrong. The person does it for personal reasons; they may even do it because it leads to favorable outcomes. According to Kantian ethics, the intellectual capacity of human beings allows them to have a universal understanding of good and bad. They can tell when something is justly goodCITATION Ali13 l 1033 (Shakil). Therefore, motive of duty are morally good because they possess the universal validity as being good. Actions in conformity with duty may not be universally accepted as the right choice.
Question 2
Aristotle argues that virtues are a kind of feeling.
True or false? Why ?
True, Aristotle associates virtues with a unique form of feeling. He describes a virtue as an emotion/ feeling; this is a mean between two extremities.

For instance, he states that, “courage is a mean between the excess of rashness and the deficiency of cowardice” CITATION Gar11 l 1033 (Kemerling). In fact, the definition of virtues is closely associated with the character of the individual and prepositions.
Question 3
Aristotle argues that living according to the requirements of reason is what is peculiar to humans.
True or false? Why?
True, Aristotle affirms that the decisions made by human are a product of reason. They may be morally wrong or right but are a product of deliberation CITATION Gar11 l 1033 (Kemerling). Moreover, the person evaluates the options they have and picks what suits them. In this instance, they may decide to pick an action which correlates the morality or against it.
Question 4
According to Aristotle, humans are ethical by nature, and because of this we do not acquire virtues by practicing/exercising them (we simply have them).
True or false? Why?
False, a person gains virtues through practice and not simply having them. In effect, Aristotle talks about the nature of virtue iterating that good manners are a product of continuous correction of actions from the past CITATION Gar11 l 1033 (Kemerling). The person acquires ethics by practical means.
Question 5
For Aristotle, virtues are…
A: moral feelings which motivate humans to action.
B: capacities all humans have.
C: special kinds of dispositions that make humans good and make them perform their functions well.
D: none of the above.

Works Cited
BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 Kemerling, Garth. “Aristotle: Ethics and the Virtues.” 12 November 2011. Philosophy Pages. 27 April 2018. www.philosophypages.com/hy/2s.htm. Accessed 27 April 2018.
Shakil, Ali. “Kantian Duty Based (Deontological) Ethics.” 29 January 2013. Seven Pillars Institute. 27 April 2018. sevenpillarsinstitute.org/kantian-duty-based-deontological-ethics. Accessed 27 April 2018.