The History Of The Industrial Revolution And The Industrial Revolution 4.0

The history of the Industrial Revolution and the Industrial Revolution 4.0

Introduction

This investigation aims to imply that it is the industrial revolution 4.0 also called “digital revolution”, “smart factory” or ‘industrial internet’, and its consequences on social reality, and in the economy of countries emphasizing unemployment, so the Industrial Revolution 4.0 It is in understandable words for the offspr, producing greater production in less time, this would imply a replacement of the labor of the man to the motor force of a machine, would equal the long -term production cost of production and transform its factories 24/7.

This revolution is produced by the progress of information technologies and, particularly, of computer science and software, looking for a new model of organization and control through the product life cycle and throughout the manufacturing systems, the manufacturing systemswhich is done by information technologies allowing the ‘Internet of Things’ model.

All industrial revolutions have left negative effects as positive, leaving the human being in a comfort position and less job precariousness, but really what happened is that technologies are increasingly occupied in the industry as a mode of production, but theInternet revolution, implies an almost total replacement of man in front of the industry.

In order to enter the Industrial Revolution 4.0 We have to make a reunion of history, that is, that has happened, in brief features in the industrial revolutions that preceded it.

Developing

Definition

We call industrial revolution to the fundamental change that occurs in a society when its economy ceases to be based on agriculture and crafts to depend on the industry, this refers, to the replacement of the labor of man by the motor force of amachine.

History of the Industrial Revolution

The first industrial revolution

In Great Britain, birth and expansion was given to the rest of Europe, between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the production processes were mechanized, transforming the agricultural and artisanal economy into another led by the industry, a rapid change occurs and indepth that affects all the structures of society (Martínez de Velasco, 1997).

All the changes that occurred in this revolution were technological, socioeconomic and cultural, of which the technological changes were what had a better notoriety because the use of steel, energy sources such as coal and motor machines such as the invention such as the invention such as the invention such as the invention began to be used as the inventionFrom the steam machine that was considered the rise of the industrial revolution, after it comes the knit machines, which allows to increase production in high demand even having little personal, which begins new techniques that become moreefficient to develop work and improvements in labor.

At this time it is when transport is more beneficial due to the great development of vehicles, ship trains since they will allow great growth of industry and commerce.

Consequently, this era produced a radical change in all areas of society, which was replicated in the rest of European societies, creating a new model of life.

Because in Europe there were bad communications that affected Spain that made them remain in a rural world caused a delay in production because the workshops remained artisanal (Baldó Lacomba, 1993).

The second industrial revolution

The second transition, or also called the new industrial organization, had hegemony in the twentieth century, brought production in large quantities, which allowed with the appearance of factories and assembly lines that allowed manufacturing products for large consumption (Berg, 1987).

In this revolution the Taylor model began to take into account. The creation of the assembly chains that began to be used in the Ford factory in 1914. In addition, companies won competitiveness. The first multinationals are born (Car, 2012).

After this model, modern financial capitalism was born, the new energy sources of this period can be summarized in (Escudero, 1988)

• Iron substitution.
• The use of electricity.
• Steam replacement for oil derivatives as energy sources. This results in many inventions such as the explosion or diesel engine that replaced the steam engine, in addition, in 1885 Benz invents the first car with NAFTA engine.

The new industries were born as a result of the great inventions that took place during the period of the second industrial revolution.

The expansion of electronics and computer science in industrial processes allowed automating production lines and that machines were replacing people in repetitive tasks.

Two decades of accelerated advances in Internet technology have produced a radical impact on the economy and society. The affinity of information technologies with robotics is transformed the traditional Internet (information and people) on the Internet of things (IoT). This whole scenario has opened to many opportunities to compuration (López, 2018).

The emergence of machines that created pieces for other machines began, which produced greater competitiveness in the market, because production times increased, consequently, costs were decreased since the workforce was decreasing, so it produced adecrease in workers in factories.

The company from the arrival of the industrial revolution has to make an acceleration to be able to adapt to all the changes that are happening. Which would allow people to become part of the Taylorist model (car, 2012).

The differences of the second revolution with the first revolution are very clear, because in the first one they needed many people because the demand was very high;The second was shown with a decrease in workers in industries causing an increase in unemployment due to the machines that built other machines.

Third industrial revolution

The third industrial revolution, third scientific-technical revolution or intelligence revolution (RCT) is a concept and a vision outlined by Jeremy Rifkin and endorsed by the European Parliament (Roel, 2002).

The third industrial revolution appears with new communication technologies such as the Internet and new sources of renewable energy.

The third industrial revolution is basically characterized by 5 pillars (Ominami, 2019):

• The use of renewable energy.
• The creation of energy plants.
• Smart grid technology of intelligent electricity.
• Transport based on all-electrical vehicles, hybrids, using renewable electricity as propulsion energy.

In the first revolution its fame increased by the steam engine, and with the passage to the following revolutions it began to see that these machines depend a lot on fossil fuels and that these are bad for the planet and the environment, by which they want to userenewable energy.

Thanks to electricity, factories could start the era of mass production of machines, the most prominent example is the car. Henry Ford began with his T model that uses gasoline without knowing how important it was going to be today for society. Ford is the owner of the car company with his last name (Carro, 2012).

There will always be changes of any character, especially those that are socioeconomic, where there will be both positive and negative points that will impose new challenges to societies, such as the growth of inequality. All this was originally from the access that people had to new technologies.

Effective forms of communication have been developed as never before had existed, also in the configuration of less polluting and sustainable energy tools. An economy can be energized or new jobs and reduce unemployment, and even progress towards optimal management of limited resources, without any problem occurring, or can be reduced. In addition, it has valued the importance of developing intelligent R&D policies (Carro, 2012).

In short, it seems necessary to be aware that technological advances are not good or bad in themselves, but based on what can be achieved, in the form of how they use it and about whom or those who have an impact the improvements achieved.

Industrial Revolution 4.0

Industry 4.0 is a concept that was described since 2010 to develop a vision of the processes that have been connected through the Internet of Things (IoT), it is the current industrial revolution, it consists of the digitalization of industrial processes through theinteraction of artificial intelligence with machines. This implies changes oriented to intelligent infrastructure and the digitalization of methodologies, this process will more concretely affect the way of doing business (Anonym, 2018).

What tries to guarantee is customer satisfaction by applying various disciplines. What Industry 4 offers.0 Through the digitalization and use of connected platforms is (MX, 2015):

• May the demand be adaptable
• Possess personalized services
• Communication services one by one
• Perform activities as quickly as possible

Take advantage of the information for analysis from multiple channels (CMS, SCM, CRM, FCM, HRM, Help Desk, Social Networks, IoT) where to be able to analyze it and exploit it in real time (Carro, 2012).

Mexico is a country that is very important for this revolution for the number of companies, whether of small or mediumContribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). These businesses are those that make a country competitive, those that attract investments and strengthen industries (Rafael, 2017).

Logicbus belongs to the Industrial Revolution 4.0, entering the market of automation, control, testing, measurement and telemetry, depending on remote data that is being marketed with important brands.

In conclusion, the development of new technologies and effective methods will be part of our daily life. The human being cannot be fully replaced by a machine, because he will continue to need it because the machine cannot do everything.

The globalization of the economy has great pressure regarding the European industry due to the high degree of competitiveness, consequently, it has caused many production industries to have to move to countries in Asia.

This fourth industrial revolution applies to industry business models. The intelligence of the new factory is the result of the convergence of information technologies, their union in a “digital ecosystem” with other industrial technologies and the development of new organization processes.

Smart products are characterized by having electronics, embedded software and connectivity which, together, gives new characteristics, capacities and functions. They are called cyber-physical systems (CPS) and are the "inhabitants" of the internet of things ecosystem (IoT). Connectivity provides them with machine -by -machine communication capacity (M2M) and human interaction.

Communication with the manufacturer, the collection of large amounts of data and its analysis is the basis for generating new service offers and optimizing existing models. Analytical models applied to that data (Big Data) can automate decision making.

Intelligent innovation

Connectivity allows to extend innovation to the entire company based on the information that flows from and to the factory.

Innovation throughout the life cycle of the intelligent and connected product combines the analytical capacity of computer tools with the increasingly rich data, provided by the intelligent product throughout its life cycle.

Using agile collaboration networks, the industry can take advantage of the opportunities of a globalized skills and capacities market. The basis for these networks are production environments and engineering platforms connected to the network along with interfaces between companies. Also in this aspect the base is computer science and software will be decisive and good sample of this is SAP’s leadership in the impulse of industry 4.0 (López, 2018).

The visibility of supply network movements provides transparency. It allows to recognize inefficiencies and risks, increase the robustness and the ability to respond to incidents, increase reliability and reduce costs.

The smart factory

The smart factory is the fourth pillar of industry 4.0. As each module is able to obtain the information it needs, the factory becomes a network of agents that make decisions optimized at the local level (Ominami, 2019).

Production could be organized according to a supply-demand model where the capacity of the systems is supply and demand arises from the orders that must be addressed. Each CPPS could decide its production program (based on its processing time, delivery dates or benefit or sustainability objectives). This decentralized production control offers the possibility of manufacturing each product individually without additional costs and with high reliability delivery dates. In addition, the massive data capture related to production and its analysis will allow unknown levels to be achieved until the moment of productivity and product quality.

The cloud (cloud computing)

It is a storage service offered on the Internet through networks that can be free or paid. Smart products and systems (CPS and CPPS) will generate huge amounts of data to be stored and process that must be accessible online from anywhere. The cloud allows this flow of borders and eliminates the need for infrastructure investment to increase the capacity, allowing unprecedented flexibility.

Data analysis (Big Data)

With a growing number of products (CPS) and smart systems (CPPS) in factories and the market, the amount of data that manufacturers will multiply will multiply. This will open new opportunities, not only to improve efficiency, but to discover services for the client, which will be known much better.

Machine -by -machine communication (M2M)

M2M communication is the technology of the ‘Internet of Things” (IoT). They are technologies that allow the exchange of information between the intelligent systems that constitute the industry 4 environment.0.

The most obvious form of use of M2M communication will be in the connection of intra-company systems will also be a key factor in inter-company collaboration.

Social platforms

Social platforms have transformed our daily lives. Communication will be greatly improved with a more dynamic interaction of enriched content that favors collaboration and innovation. On the other hand, social networks are responsible for providing a lot of information.

3D printing (additive manufacturing).

The creation of three -dimensional models is based on virtual figures that are made with a machine that helps you shape. Use in industries is scarce. It will allow the rapid creation of prototypes and highly decentralized manufacturing: the product model could be sent to the “print” site closest to the customer eliminating intermediate steps. Advanced and collaborative robotics The improvement of artificial intelligence along with a new sensory has allowed to create increasingly autonomous, flexible and cooperative robots. Over time, they will interact with each other and will work safely with human beings, learning from them offering a range of capacities far superior to those currently used.

Augmented reality

Increased reality -based systems are currently in their childhood, but in the future, they will allow workers to provide real -time information to improve decision -making and work procedures.

For example, workers will be able to receive instructions for repair and visualize it by using devices such as augmented reality glasses, which will increase efficiency and safety. Safety with the increase in connectivity and the use of standard communication protocols, the need to protect critical industrial systems and manufacturing lines of safety threats increases dramatically.

Communications will be safer due to how sophisticated it is allowing users access. There will be a radical change in the employment of all of Europe. Due to the increase in machines and automation that will cause a great fall in human employment worldwide

Experience indicates that the increase in labor productivity tends to lead to new jobs (for example, in the creation of robots, and creation virtual systems).

On the other hand, given that the value of the service and innovation are imposed on the labor cost will create new jobs, mainly linked to new technologies or product and services design.

It is possible that there is a high demand from the professional engineer in charge of industry 4.0. The semi-qualified personnel number will decrease and new high qualification jobs will be created, especially linked to information technologies. The industry, which already faces a certain shortage in the offer of highly qualified professionals in the computer science sector, will specify that university demand and training best adjusts to industry requirements.0 providing computer engineers with knowledge in digital technologies that are at the base of the new industrial model. 

conclusion

The industrial revolution or also called "digital revolution", "smart factory" or ‘industrial internet’, was developed through great technological advance through the Internet, since we can communicate in a matter of second and have information available toOur hands through an electronic device, which is a great form of progress and facilitate the life of the human being, but nevertheless has many inconveniences such as the replacement of the labor of man, producing unemployment, opening a few larger gapsOf precarization of life, increasingly unequal social classes, malnutrition, in case without work it is not possible a correct food, so it is true that there are positive aspects, but the negatives are in chain producing other even more serious problemsthan the previous one.

Beneficiaries are seen national companies as multinationals since for them it represents greater production through digitalization allowing automation the processes of the supply chain and identifying the product throughout the production process allowing the manufacturer to be more sensitive to changes in orders.

Manufacturers may take advantage of innovative combinations of intelligent services to increase their value creation, upstream or below the value chain. Intelligent innovation, since through connectivity it allows to extend innovation to the entire company based on the information that flows from and to the factory. Supporting computer solutions such as virtual communities or collaborative tools, innovation processes will open to partners and customers, empowering the industry customer orientation.

Microentrepreneurs have opportunities because thanks to this advance they will not need a physical space to make their trade, but rather they can do so through social networks, or Internet pages, producing a low investment cost, aiming to see net profitsin a very short time.

Thanks to this revolution, notoriety is given to the curriculum of the computer engineer which makes the most trained professional to lead this revolution since the key technologies on which industry 4 is based.0 are the ones that make up.