Toxic Relationship Between Neurons And Sugar

Toxic relationship between neurons and sugar

In recent years, an increase in the prevalence of obesity in children and adults has been observed, which is alarming due to several diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, osteoarticular diseases, certain types of cancer, in addition to other psychological alterations such as mental illnesses, hyperactivity and others (Cabezas, 2016). This increase in obesity in the population has been caused by excessive consumption of saturated sugars and fats through food. 

At present, excessive sugar consumption has increased by the increase in industrialized food products. The continuous industrialization of food is one of the main factors of its consumption, creating a contributing gene obese environment to endless diseases (VSF Global Food Justice, 2000). It should be taken into account that glucose (sugar) has adverse effects if consumed in excessive amounts. 

However, glucose also offers benefits as the main source of energy for the different functions of the human body, including its participation in numerous cellular activities such as protein signage that detect glucose, in addition to regulating the activity of glucorregulatory neurons (Drugbank2015 glucose). As such there is no scientific evidence that supports that sugar is comparable to a drug, because sufficient scientific research has not been executed (Navarro, S. Z., 2013), these sugars or carbohydrates that provide energy in the form of calories, even more a pleasant sensation when ingesting them, can be influencing different brain systems: those that are related to the regulation of food and energy, and those thoseRelated mode.

The existence of neuromodulators has been investigated and forming, capable of reacting as orexigenic and anorexigenic, which can interfere with the intake and at the same time in the reward mode (Catalan, to. L., Mile, s, et al.2013). The choice of this type of food rich in sucrose influence behavioral, physiological and neurological factors, in order to designate a "toxic" relationship between the consumption of sugar and the normal behavior of neurons so that, this consumption causes us a "harmful effect"To health, we could say that if it exists, it has been shown that the neurological effects that this excessive consumption causes over time will generate diseases such as obesity.(Eight am., Paul, j., et al. 2015, Navarro, S. Z., & Llamas, f. P. 2013). In addition, it has been shown that this excessive consumption of sugar affects the region of the brain which alters cognitive functions: knowledge and behavior, which is responsible for pleasure altering the secretion of peptides and neuropeptides that give us satiety and our food behavior in two ways, directly crossing the blood brain barrier and indirectly by the peripheral neural entry and the way we perceive the sweet taste either oral or intestinal, while the fructose that is ingested only depends on indirect mechanisms. (Eight am., Paul, j., et al. 2015). 

Several studies have proven that the consumption of fructose and sucrose is related to a change in brain function, almost so similar to the changes that happen in subjects with problems with addictive drugs causing an altered response to food, especially in the perception of the perception of the perception of the perception ofHunger and the desire for food. How many receptors are needed to try the sweet taste? In the taste papillae we have certain receptors to the different flavors, the T1R receptors are receptors of the sweet taste and in total there are 5 varieties of these (T1R1, -2 and -3, T1R1 + 3, and T1R2 + 3), however theSweet taste detection is largely mediated by T1R2 and T1R3 types, these two receptors have similar characteristics and are only activated differently and with different affinity for “natural” sugars and/or artificial sweeteners such as: glucose, sucrose, sucralose, aspartamo. This affinity capacity can change for example if table sugar is consumed or an artificial sweetener is consumed. (Nelson. G., Hoon, m. et al, 2001).  From this point it can be said that it would be beneficial if the excessive consumption of sugar decreased, or that with only a small amount of this would activate the receptors and with this we woke the sweet taste, after this need molecules have been developed that produce positively positive modulation modulationsynergistic, especially the application of SE-3 and SE-4 allows a reduction of almost 50% sucrose preserving the intensity of its sweetness. 

At present they have been investigating what other factors can affect the consumption of sugars, among these is the leptin that affects the consumption of sugars through 3 systems. The hedonic, aversive, homeostatic. (Gutiérrez, R., Fonseca, u. 2019). However, various studies have shown that in order for brain signals to begin, not only the receptors in papillae, but also of viscerals (intestine) are needed not only. (Eight am., Paul, j., et al. 2015). The recognition of the different flavors of food in addition to providing us with sensations of pleasure or disgust when eating, it is also important to recognize and discriminate food, since because of its taste we can recognize whether it is a food that possibly hurts us to health orThat is one with high or low caloric value. A study was conducted to analyze the way in which the sweet taste influences cerebralto recognize sucrose, saccharin, sweet and acesulfamo-k. Currently there is no certainty of how our palate specifically recognizes the sweet taste, but an important investigation has been carried out where the gosted receptors to G proteins intervene in the identification of the sweet taste and the amount of these receptors is reduced becauseThe amount of sweet flavors biologically is usually small. An outstanding fact is that the researchers discovered a locus called SAC in mice which influences their perception and identification of sweet taste, in addition to the fact that said locus influences mice by having greater preference for sucrose, Acesulfamo-K and Dulcina. (Greg M A, Hoon J C, Yifeng Z N, Ryba JP, Charles S Z, 2001) 

Also talking about preferences about sweet flavors has found a great relationship between falling in love and consumption of sugars in the diet. It is known that the AVPR1A Vasopressin Avprinin Receptor has implications in social behavior such as affection and attachment to be mediated by G protein and activate the second phosphatidyl -initol-calcio messenger. This is found in the plasma membrane of cells. The vasopressin hormone is an exclusive hormone of mammals (humans) that is secreted through the hypothalamus to later move to the bloodstream and perform its corresponding functions. As such vasopressin has numerous actions within the human body in which the antidiuretic action that activates gratification, in addition to the modulation of union and anxiety behavior is found. 

If we take into account the molecular point of view if there is damage in the promoter of the AVPR1A receiver gene, this gene reaches an excessive production of the vesopressin receptors, causing damage at a social level with the difficulty of relating, as well asoccurs if you have a polymorphism in the gene. This gene at the same time has been linked to personality disorders as autism where the AVPR1A gene is increased, creating a difficulty when relating. 

It has been studied that the administration The arginine-vasopressin (AVP) increases the stress response and activation to negative sensations causing the vasopressin to generate a negative response of trust and the feeling of fullness (nishina, takagishi, Takahashi, 2019). Taking into account the relationship of polymorphisms or the absence of receptors of a gene in this case Avpr1a with anxiety, it has been seen that when presenting the depression disorder in some way the person has difficulty of pairing, at the same time it is knownthat anxiety problems are highly related to greater consumption of sugars and fats in adults promoting the appearance of chronic diseases in which obesity stands out. (MASANA, Tyrovolas, Kollia, 2019). Falling is related to low levels of anxiety and addiction when the hormone oxytocin is high generating a sensation of well -being, which is why a decrease in the consumption of refined sugars. (Silva, 2007)

References

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