Trends In The Behavior Of Homicides In Costa Rica.

Trends in the behavior of homicides in Costa Rica.

Introduction

Homicide was defined as the situation in which “someone intentionally attacked a person producing death immediately or up to a month later. The discriminative variables demonstrate greater violence against people such as homicide and injuries, and violence for the seizure of some type of object would be theft, the characteristics of this action are, the age of the victim, is concentrated in young groups, the commission time of this crime is of a daytime and some have the antecedent of a debt between the victim and the perpetrator, although the latter is more frequent in homicides than in theft.

Developing

Trends in the behavior of homicides in Costa Rica.

Characteristics of the victims.

• As of 2000, homicides have been classified in three stages each with their respective time, from 2000 to 2007, from 2008 to 2011, and the last years 2012 and 2013.
• The first stage was constant with their numbers. 7 victims per 100,000 inhabitants on average. In 2008 there was an increase becoming 369 victims in 2007 to more than 500 victims in 2009 this meaning almost 12 victims per 100,000.
• In the second stage, of 100,000 inhabitants died 11 on average. An epidemic of homicides is considered when the rate is equal to or greater than 10 per 100,000 inhabitants according to the World Health Organization.
• This epidemic was exceeded in the period of 2012 and 2013, moving to a rate of 8.

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  8 deaths.

• Victim’s sex.
• There is a noticeable difference between the number of victims with respect to their sex, the men being 80% of the victims.
• In 2013 with 8.8% was the year where the lowest percentage of women and 91.2% of men died.
• The average women’s victims from 2008 to 2010 was 11.5%, increasing in 2011 with 13.5%, decreasing in 2013.
• Table 1 malicious homicides according to year and gender.
• Rate calculated per 100,000 inhabitants.
• Source: Observatory of Violence, carried out by the Statistics Section, of the Department of Planning of the Judiciary.
• Age of the victim.

Worldwide the age range in which there are more victims are the age groups of 15 to 29 years and from 30 to 44 years according to UNUD.

From 2009 to 2012 in the age group of 30 to 44, the greatest decrease was made, from 170 to 116 homicide victims, but in 2013, 17 victims increased in this group compared to the previous year.

Worldwide, children under 15 were the greatest victims of homicides in 2012, more than half of the homicide victims are under 30 if we add the proportion of victims of 15 to 29 years.

In 2013 in Costa Rica, 42.6% of homicide victims were under 30, 33 out of 100 victims were 30 to 44 years old, these ages represent an important part of household chiefs, affects families, families,economically active population and security perception.

Province in fact.

In the lemon country it is the province with the greatest victims of homicide and San José in the following place, Carthage and Heredia with the lowest rates. In 2012 and 2013 the province of Puntarenas had a decrease of 19 victims per 100,000 inhabitants, San José, Cartago, Heredia decreased their crime rates after 2010. Heredia and Alajuela have constant rates, in 2010 they had a high point of 8 victims per 100,000 inhabitants and inherited another peak in 2002, except for these growths have been provinces with minor rates compared to other provinces having 7 victimsfor every 100,000 inhabitants.

Characteristics of the victimizer.

• On average 94.5% of homicides are men being a figure almost equal to the number of men’s homicide victims being 95%.
• The age ranges of homicides are 18% minors, 81% under 30 and 87% were young children under 35, only 13% were over 35 years old.
• Firearms are the most used to commit crimes, followed by white weapons and blows.
• Women in 2003 and 2013 were less involved in homicide cases.

Homicide cases.

In each homicide there may be more than one victim. More than 60% of homicides are made with firearms and second place white weapon. Firearms due to their lethality are the most used mechanism representing 41% of total homicides in the world for 2012.

Mechanisms used in the Homicide Commission.

There are several factors that influence the mechanism with which a homicide is committed, will the author, socio -economic characteristics of the author and the victim, accessibility to weapons, this influences the use of weapons used in homicides according to the regional level. In America, more firearms are used compared to Oceania and Europe where sharp weapons predominate. These statistics have caused some countries to take more drastic measures in carrying weapons because their circulation is a facilitator to perform homicides and are used for intimidation in crimes such as theft. In Costa Rica, more than half of the homicides are carried out with firearms, from 2004 the use of white weapons decreased by increasing the use of firearms.

Called with the name: the psychopath.

It was the first registered and documented case of a psychopath in Costa Rica, this psychopath is associated with several crimes that occurred over a decade between 1986 and 1 1996, about 19 cases are attributed to him that have been prescribed according to Costa Rican legislation.

• His victims were usually heterosexual women or couples.
• Attack in solitary places.
• At night attacks.
• Attacks carried out in Carthage, Curridabat and Desamparados, the name of the Death Triangle is attributed.
• A profile was made, but nobody stopped. (Costa Rican man, who lived in Nicaragua, who presented traumas caused in his youth, an active subject of 43 years, was in the Nicaraguan guerrillas, it was believed that he had died in that guerrillas, but was ruled out when he presented himself in the Civil Registry to requesta card, c) the above data were not confirmed.
• It was said that the possible psychopath could have belonged to a wealthy family from Costa Rica, Figueres Ferrer and because of that it was never discovered.
• He presented cruelty against his victims women.
• In 1996 it was stated that the only knowledge of the case was, its modus operandi and the caliber of the weapon used to kill its victims.
• They got to drive, 8 possible perpetrators.
• Moralistic or lustful and aggressive criminal?
• Discard of homicides committed by sexual motivation.
• Non -conclusive indications, because they did not count on comparing.

This victimizer was never caught, but it was possible to identify characteristics of each case, to include them as one, made by the same person.

Statistics

The statistics of malicious homicides in Costa Rica in 2019 compared to 2018 shows a slight decrease in –3.6% according to OIJ statistics, thus being 11.1 per 100.000 inhabitants. A total of 564 the deceased people, the modality of adjustment of accounts is the one that most likely occurred due to the growing drug trafficking situation in Costa Rica,

In addition, it should be analyzed that most homicides suggest in the province of San José where you might think what it is due to the large population that lives in this province or due to the fight for drug territories that are lived in that place,It should also be noted that most of the victims were men, despite the fact that the population in Costa Rica between men and women is quite matched, you cannot see various factors, whether men get more involved in criminal acts, suchOnce as aggressive instinct that men have, or for various social factors that are difficult to analyze placing statistics. The weapon of preference used to the firearm followed by the white weapon, on average during 2019 there was a homicide malicious every 15 hours, between 9:00 p.m. to 23:59

conclusion

During 2019, just as homicides affected Costa Rica, the rest of the countries located in Central America are also affecting, it could be analyzed and Costa Rica has had a slight decrease in its homicide rate, despite the fact that 11,1 for each100.000 inhabitants seem quite compared to other countries in Central America The situation in Costa Rica is not so serious.

In Central America, the country that most records deaths is Honduras, this must be analyzed taking into account the struggle for territories that are lived in that country product of gangs between them La Mara.

Central America is a region that is very affected by the product of drug trafficking, here this struggle for territories in all countries is constantly given, although homicides come in descent, they are still alarming and worrying numbers.