Type a 300 word biography about each of the following leaders.

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CALHOUN
John Caldwell Calhoun was an American statesman born on March 18, 1782, in Abbeville, South Carolina. He went to Yale College and also attended Litchfield Law School. Calhoun began his political career in South Carolina’s parliament in 1808 after being elected. Calhoun later won the elections to the United States House of Representatives. He stayed in office for three terms. When recessions hit the United States, Calhoun realized that the British policies were running the economy. He managed to persuade the House to declare war against Great Britain. In 1817, he was appointed the secretary of war by President James Monroe until 1825.
Calhoun decided to run for the presidency in 1824 together with John Adams, Crawford, Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay. He, however, opted to withdraw from the race and with the support he got from Jackson, he ran for vice presidency without any opposition. When President John Quincy Adams came to power in 1824, he appointed Calhoun as his deputy. He was voted in again as vice president in 1828 under President Andrew Jackson. He resigned from the position after differing with Jackson about federal tariffs legislature which in his opinion only favored the North and harmed the South. In 1832, John Calhoun resigned from his seat since he could not win the fight over tariffs with President Jackson.
After resigning, Calhoun entered the United States Senate until 1844 when he was appointed as Secretary of State under President John Tyler, a position he served until 1845.

He later returned to the Senate where he disputed the Mexican-American war. Calhoun died on March 31, 1850, aged 58 in Washington DC. He is remembered for staunchly defending slavery and advocating for minority rights in politics. He helped the South by keeping them in the Union and opposing the high tariffs and limited government which would have adversely affected them. The tariffs were most definitely going to benefit the North and Calhoun saw that it would bring inequality.
CLAY
Henry Clay was an American lawyer born on April 12, 1777, in Hanover County, Virginia, United States. He went the College of William and Mary where he studied law. In 1797 Clay was admitted to the Virginia bar, he later moved to Lexington, Kentucky where there were many lawsuits he could handle. Clay started his political career in 1803 when he won the elections to the Kentucky General Assembly to represent Fayette County. In 1806 when Clay was only 29 years old, he joined the United State Senate. No other person had ever entered the Senate at such this age; most people were above 30 years old.
Clay had a chance to be the Speaker of the state House of Representatives. During his tenure as the speaker of the house he, alongside John Calhoun managed to convince the government to confront the British over their policies that controlled America’s economy. In 1824 Henry Clay ran for the presidency but lost to John Q. Adams. Adams later appointed him as the Secretary of State. When Jackson captured the Presidency from Adams in 1828, Clay went back to Kentucky after withdrawing from politics.
In 1831 Clay returned to Washington DC and headed the National Republicans bid to remove Jackson from power. Clay ran again for the presidency in 1840 but was frustrated when the Whig party nominated General William Harrison for the seat with John Tyler as his running mate. He retired from the Senate in 1842 and went back to Kentucky after his effort to dominate Tyler became futile. In 1844 he returned to Washington DC when Whig party chose him as its presidential candidate.
Henry Clay succumbed to tuberculosis on June 29, 1852. Clay had a great impact on the politics of the United States and is remembered for fighting hard for the restoration of the 2nd Bank of the United States’ charter and for advocating for the independence of the States constitution. He also stood up against slavery and fought for the eradication of slavery in Kentucky.
HAYNE
Robert Young Hayne was born on November 1791 in St Paul’s Parish, Colleton District, South Carolina. Hayne was unable to pay for college, and therefore, he studied law under Langdon Cheves and before his 21st birthday in 1812, he got admission to the bar. Hayne also had the opportunity to work in the army that fought Great Britain in the War of 1812. In 1814 he was voted as a Jeffersonian Republican in South Carolina, a position he served for four years. He was then elected to House of Representatives of South Carolina in 1818 where he acted as the Speaker for almost a month.
On December 18, 1818, Hayne was appointed the 5th Attorney General of South Carolina until 1822. The parliament of South Carolina then elected Hayne to represent them in the Senate. As Senator, Hayne opposed the Federal’s move to increase the tariffs and advocated for the states’ rights. In 1828 he was reelected to the U.S. Senate, he, however, withdrew from this position in 1832 to give way to John Calhoun who resigned from vice presidency. From 1825 to 1832 Hayne also served as the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs.
After resigning his seat to Calhoun, he became the next Governor of South Carolina. As governor, Hayne continued to support nullification of the federal laws and resistance to tariffs. In 1936 he became the mayor of Charleston, South Carolina and served for only a year. Hayne tried to construct the Cincinnati, Charleston railroad to connect the South and the northeastern port. This project stalled when Hayne suddenly died of fever in Asheville, North Carolina on September 24, 1839, aged 47. Hayne is remembered for advocating for the states’ rights and nullification of the Federal tariffs. He also fought hard for South to be on equal footing with the North.
JACKSON
Andrew Jackson was born in March 1767 to his parents Andrew and Elizabeth who migrated from Ireland in 1765. Jackson’s place of birth is believed to have been at the border of North Carolina and South Carolina at his uncle’s home. Three weeks before he was born, Jackson’s father died. The brother Robert died of smallpox and the mother succumbed to cholera she contracted when treating sick military men. Because of the death of his family members, he became orphaned at the age of 14 and grew up in poverty. Jackson studied law at Salisbury after receiving support from his uncle and started practicing in 1787 after graduating from College.
Jackson was appointed the prosecuting attorney of Tennessee just after his admission to the bar. Jackson was voted as the first Tennessee Representative in 1787 because he was part of the committee that formed the Tennessee constitution. A year later Jackson was elected to the Senate, but he quit after only eight months in office. From 1798 to 1804 Jackson served as a circuit judge in the Tennessee superior court.
Jackson led the Tennessee militia in fighting in the War of 1812 after his appointment as the major-general of the army in 1802. He was later promoted to the United States military major general after military success against the British. In 1823 Jackson vied for the U.S. Senate seat and won since he had support from the Tennessee legislature who nominated him for the presidency. In 1828 Jackson won the presidential election and became the first to invite the public to attend inauguration ceremony at the White House. He was re-elected to the presidency in 1832 for a second term.
Jackson stood firm against corruption and supported individual independence. He fought hard with the Second Bank of United States which he saw as a corrupt corporation too much power over the economy. He also replaced the corrupt officials with his supporters; he was nicknamed ‘the people’s president.’ Despite his popularity, he supported the federal law on high tariffs. Jackson was the first president to face an assassination attempt in the history of America. He died on June 8, 1845.
WEBSTER
Ebenezer and Abigail, Daniel Webster’s parents, gave birth to him on January 18, 1782, in Salisbury, New Hampshire. Webster went to Phillip Exeter Academy at the age of 14 and joined Dartmouth College at age 15 to study law. After graduating from college in 1801, he began practicing privately bur moved to Portsmouth in 1807. While in Portsmouth he joined the tradesmen in business and strongly opposed the War of 1812 against the Great Britain. From 1812 to 1817 Webster represented New Hampshire in the United States House of Representatives.
In 1823 he was elected to represent Massachusets in the U.S. House of Representatives, he served until 1827. He was voted to the Senate, and since he led the Whig party, he joined the other members in opposing President Jackson. In 1836 Webster ran for the presidency and lost. President William Harrison appointed Webster the Secretary of State four years later in 1840. When John Tyler took over leadership after President William Harrison’s death, every member of the cabinet from Whig party resigned except Webster. He then managed to form the Webster-Ashburton treaty in 1842 and left the cabinet in 1843. In 1850 Webster was appointed again as the Secretary of State by President Millard Fillmore. During this time he supervised the implementation of the Fugitive Slave Act.
Daniel Webster advocated for business interests during Jackson’s regime. He took an extreme position on the states-rights and opposed the passage of almost all the bills on war measures. He is one of the people who served as Secretary of State under three presidents, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler and Millard Fillmore. He died aged 70 on October 24, 1852, in Marshfield; Massachusetts. Webster was also known for his achievements in the Webster-Ashburton treaty established in 1842. The negotiation helped bring to an end the Maine boundary conflicts that the United States had with Great Britain.
Work Cited
“A Biography of John Caldwell Calhoun (1782-1850).” ≪ Biographies ≪ American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and Beyond, www.let.rug.nl/usa/biographies/john-caldwell-calhoun/.
“Bio.com.” Bio.com, A&E Networks Television, www.biography.com/people/henry-clay-9250385#final-years.
www.history.com/topics/daniel-webster“Robert Young Hayne Facts.” Robert Young Hayne Facts, biography.yourdictionary.com/robert-young-hayne.