Voice

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Five Main Voice Types
The aim of this paper is to highlight the main voice types (Jackson 212) and feature a renowned artist and/or a performer for each of the categories provided.
SOPRANO
Constituting the highest vocal range amongst all other types, Soprano is a classical singing voice pertaining especially to female performers. This type of voice is generally divided into 5 subcategories namely, Dramatic, Coloratura, Lyric, Soubrette and Spinto Soprano.
Performer. The example chosen is Renee Fleming. Born on 14th August 1959; Ms. Fleming is a renowned full lyric soprano with multiple performances ushered in Spinto Soprano and Coloratura operatic roles in an array of languages. She attended the SUNY Potsdam and Eastman School of Music with the prior education received from Crane School of Music. Her first professional performance was at the Julliard Opera Centre during the early 1980s when she was around 21 years of age. Her notable achievements include making the soundtracks for many movies including those produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks.
ALTO
Contrapuntal composition’s second highest part, Alto either refers to a musical role (i.e. Alto Clarinet or Alto Recorder) or a corresponding vocal range (i.e. alto trombone).
Performer. The example chosen is that of Marilyn Horne. Born January 16, 1934; Ms. Horne gained the fame due to her ability to execute difficult passages pertaining to the Coloratura range of voice. A recipient of 4 Grammy awards, a Kennedy Centres Honour and National Media of Arts; she was trained by Sir William Vennard of the School of Music located in the University of Southern California and her first performance was at the age of 20 in the film, Carmen Jones.

TENOR
Found between the Countertenor and Barito voice types; Tenor is a distinct male singing voice encompassing the highest male voice type. It is generally divided into many subcategories such as spiel tenor, heldentenor, and leggero tenor.
Performer. The example chosen is Luciano Pavarotti. Born on 12 October 1935; Mr. Pavarotti is counted as the most successful tenor of all time. Known as the King of the High C’s, Mr. Pavarotti studied under Arrigo Pola and his first significant performance was in the all-male voice choir, Caorle Rossini.
BASS-BARITONE
It is defined as either a classical low lying baritone voice type or a high lying bass voice type.
Performer (Baritone). The example chosen for a low lying baritone voice is Dietrich Fisher – Dieskau. Born on 28 May 1925; Baritone is regarded as the most influential singer of the 21st century. He studied at the Wehrmacht and launched his professional carrier at the age of 22 as a singer in BadenweilerPerformer (Bass). The example of high lying bass voice types is Bryn Terfel. Born on 9th November 1965; Sir. Jones has received multiple awards including Commander of the Order of the British Empire awarded by Prince Williams. He studied under Rudolf Peiernay at Guild Hall School and made his operatic debut at the age of 25 in the Welsh National Opera.
Works Cited
Jackson, R. J. Performance Practice: A Dictionary – a guide for Musicians. East Sussex, U.K: Psychology Press, 2005. Print.