Advantages Of Oxygen For Therapies

Advantages of oxygen for therapies

Introduction

Oxygen therapy is the use of oxygen for therapeutic purposes. Oxygen is a widely available, cheap and easy administration gas that living beings use to breathe. It can also be used as a drug at concentrations greater than that existing in the environment, and as such, the concentration of the gas mixture and the administration device to calculate the possible damage of its side effects must be taken into account. The oxygen used as a medicine must be prescribed by a professional and administered correctly and safely, due to its side effects.

Developing

The reduction of O 2 levels can lead to two different pathologies: hypoxemia, a decrease in oxygen blood pressure (PA or 2< 60 mmHg) y de la saturación de la hemoglobina en sangre arterial (< 93%), y la hipoxia, una reducción de la disponibilidad de oxígeno en los tejidos. Puede haber hipoxia sin ser necesaria la hipoxemia. La deficiencia de ​O​2 tisulares se pueden diagnosticar objetivamente, utilizando dos métodos; la gasometría arterial, se realiza extrayendo sangre de una arteria, y la pulsioximetría, en la que se obtiene una medición no invasiva.

With an apparatus called Pulsioximeter or Saturometer, of the oxygen transported by hemoglobin inside the blood vessels. However, the diagnosis can also be done based on classic signs and symptoms such as cyanosis, dyspnea or tachypnea among others. Oxygen therapy is beneficial for both pathologies.

Two types are distinguished: hyperbaric oxygen therapy, in which the oxygen concentration used is 100% and applies to the subject in a hyperbaric chamber with a mask or a helmet.

And normobaric oxygen therapy, in which applied oxygen concentration varies from 21 to 100%. In order to increase the fraction of or 2 inspired, oxygen therapy is applied through numerous devices (masks, nasal cannulas, etc.) Depending on the volume of gas that is provided, two systems are distinguished, one high flow, where a gas volume greater than 40 l/min is supplied, this is a sufficient amount of oxygen and only this gas is used to breathe;and another low flow.

It is subdivided into: closed systems (those where there is no mix with the air of the medium, there is a greater reinhalation of CO₂ and it is easier to guarantee the fi or 2) and open systems (in these there may beA mixture with the medium, lower CO₂ and more difficult to guarantee FI or 2, the most used device is the tracheostomy collar). According to an experiment from et al. In which the evolution of asthmatic crises in children treated with OAF (high flow oxygen therapy) in two different ways was analyzed, compared to those treated with conventional oxygen therapy. 

Samples were taken (from 2012 to 2016) in patients from 4 to 15 years excluding those who could not be treated with OAF. Greater effectiveness was seen in patients treated with OAF against conventional oxygen therapy. It was considered a safe and effective treatment that improves the clearance of CO₂ and produces some positive pressure at the end of expiration. Even so there are few studies that support its use, since the ideal initial flow of O 2 or the ideal moment of administration has not yet been determined. According to et al. Between 15 and 25% of people with diabetes develop wounds and feet ulcers.

These are often very resistant to healing and can end up in an amputation of the lower extremities. One of the options that these patients have to solve this problem is hyperbaric oxygen therapy (TOHB). It is useful since oxygen tension in wounds prevents the development of necrosis or infection, increases the effectiveness of administered antibiotics and accelerates healing. The oxygen administered with this treatment can be stored in the interstitial space and is efficiently spread in the wound.

Oxygen therapy is also used in respiratory pathologies such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), emphysema, etc. and also as an adjuncting treatment in pathologies such as anemia, heart failure, etc.;It also has a non -medical use, when used as a complement in high or underwater sports activities. It is necessary to complement it with other treatments, since the problems caused by hypoxia are not solved only by increasing the availability of O 2, but also depend on hemoglobin saturation.

Ventilation, cardiac spending and concentration. Precautions and possible complications. Excess oxygen can be harmful and continue with oxygen therapy when it is no longer indicated can increase the costs of attention, prolong hospitalization time and be toxic to the individual. This toxicity in the CNS is called Paul Bert effect and in the lung effect. When applied, the following precautions must.

Bacterial contamination, hemoglobin reduction, intratraqueal burn risk. To avoid infections, the CDC recommends changing equipment frequently, every 2-3 days. The exposure to the tohb increases the concentration of dissolved oxygen, but can also cause oxidative damage, since it raises the number of reactive species of O 2. It can cause eye injuries, but these are rare and it is difficult to distinguish whether they have been produced by ocular degeneration due to patient’s age or hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatment. 

conclusion

The patient’s eyes evaluation before and after treatment is necessary to detect unusual changes. Among the complications associated with tohb stand out: myopia, is the most common side effect and is due to the toxic effect of oxygen in direct contact with the lens;Falls, are caused by prolonged exposure to hyperbaric oxygen due to oxidative damage associated with lens and keratoconus proteins, a bilateral corneal ectasia, causes weight slimming and weakening of tissues, conical protrusion and irregular astigmatism.