Aviation.revised

Aviation
Student’s name
Institution
Data and the treatment of the data
The data needed and the means of obtaining data
In this study, the data that is needed is the feelings of the astronauts when they are inside the space suits or enclosed spaces. Specifically, the data that would be of great interest is the anxiety levels. The anxiety levels will be subjective data that will be measured concerning its corresponding option. Data needed will be obtained from the subjects taking part in the study. Self-reported feelings will be provided by the subjects.
The research methodology
In this study, the research methodology that will be employed is quasi-experimental research. Quasi-experimental research design involves a broad range intervention studies that are non-randomized (White and Sabarwal, 2014). Quasi- research methodology is preferred in this case since it is not ethical, logistically practical, to carry out a randomized, controlled trial (Eliopoulos et al., 2004). This method is advantageous since, in addition to retaining many of advantages associated with experimental, it has the potential for evaluating causality, and provides an opportunity for replication while keeping the study less artificial (Crowther and Lancaster, 2008).
In this study, the use of the three intervention options will be examined. Subjects will be identified but without the element of randomness. The study of the impact of each intervention option will be feelings experienced by the subjects when they are either in enclosed spaces or in space suits.

Each of the interventions is implemented. Before implementation, the subject will be asked to provide self-reported feelings of the levels of anxiety. The subjects are then taken to an enclosed space similar to the conditions as experienced in space. Then after some time, the subjects provide self-reported feelings without the intervention. The next stage is to repeat the procedure, but the subjects provide self-reported feelings before and after administering the intervention option. Each of the intervention options will be tested separately. The data is then analyzed and compared for the three intervention options. The intervention that leads to the lowest levels of anxiety will be considered.
The specific treatment of the data for each subproblem
To measure the impact of medication on anxiety levels
In this research, the data required to address the subproblem is subjective data since it involves feelings of the subject.
The data need to be coded for ease of analysis. For example, the anxiety levels will be divided into very high, high, medium, low, and very low. Very high levels of anxiety will be rate 5 while the lowest level will be rated 1. The data will be collected from all the participating subjects. An average value of anxiety level will be determined for the intervention of medication option. The average will be not only for the time before but also after administering medication.
To measure the impact of meditation practice on anxiety levels
In this research, the data required to address the subproblem is subjective data since it involves feelings of the subject.
The data need to be coded for ease of analysis. For example, the anxiety levels will be divided into very high, high, medium, low, and very low. Very high levels of anxiety will be rate 5 while the lowest level will be rated 1. The data will be collected from all the participating subjects. An average value of anxiety level will be determined for the intervention of meditation option. The mean will be for the time before as well as after meditation.
To measure the impact of meditation and meditation practice on anxiety levels
In this research, the data required to address the subproblem is subjective data since it involves feelings of the subject.
The data need to be coded for ease of analysis. For example, the anxiety levels will be divided into very high, high, medium, low, and very low. Very high levels of anxiety will be rate 5 while the lowest level will be rated 1. The data will be collected from all the participating subjects. An average value of anxiety level will be determined for the intervention of meditation and meditation options. The average will be not only for the time before but also after meditation and meditation.
Data Analysis
Since this is a quasi-experimental research design, quantitative data is collected. Often, quantitative data leads to data that is objective, quantifiable, and results that are easy to interpret (Center for Innovation in Research and Teaching, 2014). However, unlike experimental research designs that lack randomization, quasi-experimental research design requires more advanced statistical analysis. Since the research design utilizes observations, interviews, and surveys, the statistical procedures used are more complicated. In this research design, the inferential tests that will be performed for comparing group analyses are Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), T-Test, Sing sample T-Test, Paired-Sample T-Test, Regression, Factor Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) (Center for Innovation in Research and Teaching, 2014).

References
Center for Innovation in Research and Teaching (CIRT). (2018). Data analysis for quasi-experimental research. Retrieved from https://cirt.gcu.edu/research/developmentresources/research_ready/quasiexperimental/data_analysis
Crowther, D. & Lancaster, G. (Eds.). (2008). Research methods: a concise introduction to research in the management and business consultancy. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
Eliopoulos, G. M., Harris, A. D., Bradham, D. D., Baumgarten, M., Zuckerman, I. H., Fink, J. C., & Perencevich, E. N. (2004). The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in infectious diseases. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38(11), 1586-1591.
White, H. & Sabarwal, S. (2014). Quasi-experimental design and methods. Retrieved from www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/brief_8_quasi-experimental%20design_eng.pdf