CYBER LAW

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The Legal Environment of International Trade
Business organizations are operating internationally experiences challenges in trying to comprehend and confront different foreign laws governing the operation of the business. The legal issues of one country might be different with the laws of another country. The legal frameworks which seek to protect Small and Medium Enterprises have been established by various countries. The main objectives of the laws is to influence the expansions of businesses through manufacturing and achieving the scale in various countries across the world. To reduce the level of risks of international investors, judicial independence and efficiency play a major role. The free and independent judiciary from the social environment, citizens, government or political influences ensures that international investors receive fair treatment and achieve the good environment of operating business. Therefore, the international managers have a bigger responsibility of comprehending and understanding the laws of the country which, they need to invest in before entering into legal contracts. According to studies, Germany leads the world, with the highest level of judicial independence followed closely by Netherlands and Australia. There are a large number of international investors in the above-mentioned countries because the investors believe that their investment will be under diligent protection.

Legal Systems in International Business
(i) Common Law
Common law is based on legal precedents, past practices, and traditions which are set by nation’s courts through extensive consultation with past rulings, legal legislation, and interpretation of statutes. The common law mostly depends on written codes and statutes. The origin of common law is in England, and it was swiftly adopted by various countries such as New Zealand, Australia, Canada, United States, Indi and the United Kingdom.
(ii) Civil Law
The Civil Law is based on comprehensive and extensive written statutes which were borrowed from Roman law and embraced by the Europe Countries, America and later Japan. Analytically, the laws of the majority of the countries have some things in common; they are both common and civil law. The civil and common law has a distinction of more theory than the practice which makes the implementation process and application a bit hectic. The civil law is used widely by different countries since the main idea of such is to protect the business hence enhance the systematic growth of the business organization (Ezra 16). In civil law, it’s the responsibility of the judge to critically follow the ‘letter of the law’ to give it adequate flexibility whenever the judicial system is being made.
(iii) Socialistic Law
As the name suggests, the law is borrowed from Marxist socialist, and it has been widely adopted by the former communist countries such as Cuba, Vietnam, North Korea, China, and CIS. The law advocates that the property is owned by the state and this will prevent the international firms from entering and investing in foreign countries. Experts believe that the socialistic law has a form of dictatorship in it because the investor’s wealth is controlled by the state.
(iv). Theocratic Law
It is a legal system which is derived from religious beliefs, precepts, and doctrines. For instance, the Hebrew and Islamic are derived from religious beliefs which undermine people from engaging in some of the things and doing others. The challenge of the law is that there is a conflict of beliefs from the practitioners. For example, what is embraced in Christianity might be rejected by the Islamic, and when the two meet, there would be conflicts.

Works Cited
Ezra, Hill. (Nov. 2018). “The Legal of Aspect of International Trade.” The Review of Economic Studies 13 (7): 12-19