Freedom Is The Recognition Of The Need, By Engels

Freedom is the recognition of the need, by Engels

In this book we could appreciate the different ways of how the family arises and all that dependence that occurs within it. Engels shows us the most characteristic of these times and how man is evolving when he meets certain needs

Within his work Engels tells us about savagery which, understood three types of states, the lower, the medium and the superior. In the lower one we find a nomadic man who tends to feed the fruits of the trees, already in the middle stadium the use of fish begins with the help of fire and here they became independent of the weather and the instruments begin to be made Casería, as was the spear and later in the upper state, the arc and arrow is manufactured and the houses and beams are beginning to be built. In barbarism its lower stadium begins with the beginning of the pottery, the middle stadium begins with the domestication of the animals and highlighting the third upper stage is initiated with the foundry of the iron ore. Finally its transition is already subsequently to civilization with the Invention of alphabetical writing and its use for literature. To the latter stage that Engels mentions are the Greeks of the heroic era, the tribes it is short that the different families were being given and which were basically their characteristic features. It is important to emphasize that each stage proposed by Morgan shows us the importance of greater control of the elements, weapons and tools and a varied knowledge that is developed.

Each discovery represents a very big jump in the development of the human being. Another point to be treated would be the family, for this it is necessary to know that, as well as at some point in human development an organized structure called family at the beginning of history has emerged so we see how something impossible. That is why the family is not known that it has emerged from the night to tomorrow, but that it has evolved wing of the human being. At the beginning, the survival of the species had to be ensured, which corresponded to an inherent promiscuity of the human being as happened with the consanguineous family, the first stage of the family where the generational levels of the family circle were husbands and women with each other, but not The generational barrier could be transferred. The main characteristic of each type of family are the limitations that each one is put in each stage as in the punulua family that already exclude the brothers who already exclude the brothers from sexual relations, but still maintained The reciprocal community of husbands and women. For its part, the syndic family tend to prohibit all marriages with any close relative, with this a man has only one woman, however, the issue of infidelity persists as a right to man while the woman tends to punish severely. Subsequently, the monogamous family that arises from the syndicisms where man basically imposes man in order to procreate children whose fatherhood is indisputable; And this fatherhood is indisputable where children are direct heirs, they must enter a day in possession of their father’s assets. In this family there is a much larger solidity of marital ties, which cannot be waste about the desire of any of the parties. The author in his book speaks of the gens that is a word of Greco-Roman origin that Morgan uses to designate a group that boasts of constituting a common offspring and that is linked by certain social and religious institutions, forming a particular community, asClassical form of primitive gens, Morgan takes that of the Iroquois and especially the one of the tribe of the Senecas. There are eight gens in this one, who carry animal names: 1. Wolf, 2. Bear, 3. Tortuga, 4. Castor, 5.Deer, 6. Scholarship, 7. Garza, 8. Hawk. In each gens there are the following customs:

1. Choose El Sachem (Peace Time) and a leader (military chief).
2. Depose to his discretion to the Sachem and the leader.
3. No member has the right to marry in the bosom of the gens.
4. The property of the deceased passes to the other members of the gens.
5. Gens members due to each other help and protection, and mutual help to avenge the injuries made by strangers.
6. The gens has certain names, or a series of names that only she has the right to carry throughout the tribe, so that an individual’s name indicates the gens to which she belongs.
7. Gens can adopt strangers within its bosom, thus admitting it in the tribe.
8. Gens has a common inhumation place.

Gens has advice with members, all of them with the same right to vote. In primitive gens you can see the fractrias (brotherhood), which are groups of three or more gens, these fractrias seem to be the primitive gens from which they derive. Fratrias have common religion, and common trends among their members, as Morgan explains with the example of the ball game. Just as several gens form a fratria, several fratrias constitute a tribe, these tribes are characterized by:

• Have a territory of settlement, and an extensive hunting and fishing.
• A particular dialect of this single tribe.
• The right to give solemnly possession of your Sachem and the leaders chosen by each gens.
• Religious ideas (mythology) and common cult ceremonies.
• A Tribe Council for Common affairs.

In some of the tribes is a supreme boss, whose attributions are limited. The expansion of tribes, and the need for forces to preserve the new land. With the appearance of new ways to obtain property and the Greek Constitution of the heroic era, the decay of this form of gens is seen, giving way to a new form: the State. The Athenian Gens occurs with the appearance of the State, since in part transforms the organs of the Gentile Constitution, partly by moving them by intrusion of new organs and, finally, replacing them with authentic state administration bodies, while a forceArmed Public at the service of that State Administration. The same Greek Constitution was used initially, but due to organization problems it was changed to the Constitution attributed to Theseus, in this the main change that occurs is the centralization of the decision that was previously particular to each tribe to a central entityIn Athens, turning all these issues into common problems. With this action the Athenian people went further than any American, thanks to their fusion of many peoples in one. Another institution attributed to Theseus is the division into three classes, eupátridas (noble), geomoros (peasants) and demiurgos (artisans), without taking into account the gens, fractrias and tribes. The functions of the Basileus fell into disuse, at the head of the state it was put to bow, out of the bosom of the nobility. The ancient constitution of the gens had been impotent at the triumphal march of money;And, in addition, it was at all incapable of granting within its limits you are listed as money. In summary, the Gentilicia Constitution was touching to an end. Society was exceeding the arc of the gens more and more, where the people sought to defense their interests, and the young state created a defender force. The creation of these institutions set aside genetics and equal help, putting in place to residence and common interest aid. After this, Solón’s reform came, which demonstrated the form of state survival, damaging one type of property to protect another. In this reform the property of the creditors is damaged, to defend that of the debtors. Another measure was the protection of the freedom of the Athenians, delimiting the maximum extension of land and prohibiting the debtor from being a pledge of the creditor, and the change to the Constitution, where the appearance of private property, citizen rights and duties, highlights citizen duties, citizen rights,and the displacement of consanguineous corporations due to the influence of the wealthy authorities. The formation of the State among Athenians is a remarkably typical model of the formation of the State in general, since, on the one hand, they are carried out without intervening exterior or interior violence;On the other hand, a state in a very perfected way is sprouting directly from the Gens. Meanwhile in the gens and the State in Rome: its basic characteristics, at first, are the almost the same as those of the Greek and American gens. In Rome ten gens formed a curia (fratria), it was more important than the Greek ferria when taking public offices. Ten curias formed a tribe, and the three tribes formed the Romanus Pópulo. This division in Rome underwent major changes, together with the constitutions of the Roman people, giving as fruit the Roman State, which had three great stages: the reign, the Republic and the Empire;In the course of these changes is that the disappearance of the gens is seen to give way to interest, money and private property.

The gens between the Celts and the Germans: the peoples of Celtic origin Las gens (clans), were organized legally focusing on private property, inheritance and rights, thus being the participation of women and their property rights and property rights andvery high divorce, since they could divorce without losing any right just because her husband put a bad face when smelling the soup. The German tribes gathered in villages have, therefore, the same Constitution that developed among the Greeks in the heroic era and among the Romans at the time called de los Reyes. This regime was destroyed, and the State occupied its place. In the formation of the state of the Germans;It begins with the Roman conquest, where the German barbarians took part of the Roman lands, and divided, transforming, by convenience, the system of the gens into a territorial state, but preserving in its constitution part of the essence of the gens. The Germans being conquered gave a youth contribution to the senile Europe that was staying, all this thanks to their organized barbarism, bringing life to the Roman Empire. Already later in barbarism and civilization: civilization is the stadium of development of society in which the division of labor, the change between individuals derived from it and commercial production, which covers one and the other, reach its full development andThey cause a revolution throughout the previous society. According to Morgan’s trial, civilization is born and subsists thanks to private property, the accumulation of wealth and how to increase them, a process that begins from barbarism.