Hydrogen Bonding-Water Drops On a Penny

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Hydrogen Bonding-Water Drops on A Penny
Results
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Average
Tap water 33 39 36 42 37.5
On soap-washed penny 15 20 17 22 18.5
Calculations
The calculations conducted in the laboratory were supposed to get the average of the four trials
Average: (Trial 1 + Trial 2 +Trial 3 + Trial 4)/ 4
Untouched penny average: (33+39+36+42)/4= 37.5
Soaped penny: (15+20+17+22)/4= 18.5
Discussion
From the results above, it is clear that the penny that was not soaped required many water droplets before they spilled, as compared to the washed-up penny that requires fewer water droplets before spilling. This phenomenon is attributed to the surface tension and cohesion water properties. Cohesion can be defined as the intermolecular force that manifests between similar water molecules, whereas surface tension is the attractive force that tends to pull together the close surface molecules, hence reducing the surface area into its smallest size ADDIN CSL_CITATION { “citationItems” : [ { “id” : “ITEM-1”, “itemData” : { “abstract” : “Water is a major component of all living things. It is anomalous in many of its physical and chemical properties. Some are essential for life while others have profound effects on the size and shape of living organisms, how they work, and the constraints within which theymustoperate.Manyof wateru2019s basic physical properties cannowbeexplained, at least semiquantitatively, in molecular and structural terms, although in spite of intense study it remains incompletely understood.

“, “author” : [ { “dropping-particle” : “”, “family” : “Sharp”, “given” : “Kim a”, “non-dropping-particle” : “”, “parse-names” : false, “suffix” : “” } ], “container-title” : “Significance”, “id” : “ITEM-1”, “issued” : { “date-parts” : [ [ “2001” ] ] }, “title” : “Water : Structure and Properties”, “type” : “article-journal” }, “uris” : [ “http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=f540bb8f-dfa8-4977-808a-fbb89ac12859” ] } ], “mendeley” : { “formattedCitation” : “(Sharp)”, “plainTextFormattedCitation” : “(Sharp)”, “previouslyFormattedCitation” : “(Sharp)” }, “properties” : { }, “schema” : “https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json” }(Sharp). In this case, high water surface tension enables many droplets to stick together within a small surface area (penny), hence the many droplets (37.5) required to spill. On the other hand, the soap-washed penny is left with impurities that reduce the water surface tension, hence the reduced number of water droplets (18.5) before spillage. Soaps and detergents commonly referred to as surfactants are known to disrupt the cohesive forces between water molecules leading to the reduced surface tension.
Hypothesis
I hypothesize that 18 droplets would stay on the washed-up penny.
How to test the hypothesis
The control experiment involved the use of a penny that was not washed in soap.
The independent variable of the experiment is the penny that was washed using soap.
The dependent variable for the experiment was the total number of water drops used on the penny.
Null hypothesis
There is no significant difference between the number of water droplets a soap-washed penny and a penny that is not washed-up can take hold before spilling.
Work cited
ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Sharp, Kim a. “Water : Structure and Properties.” Significance, 2001.