Studying Steel: Composition And Function

Studying steel: composition and function

Today the human being has developed certain skills for its development in society which caused results such as the existence of constructions and mega constructions that surround the entire world and one of the most important materials that facilitate its construction to obtain its resistance is thesteel. With this you can develop large construction projects to give resistance and improve the quality of life of all people. This material results in the construction of housing, bridges, highways, buildings among other various projects that are mainly based on the world of engineering. Steel is an alloy of combination between iron and carbon its main objective is to resistance to concrete and improve its flexibility property. Therefore, it is important to know the inputs of steel for its production and application in the works. In the following lines the various inputs of concrete, classification and steel characteristics will be announced.

There are supplies that facilitate the obtaining of steel for this, iron and carbon is combined. Askeland & Wright states that “ferrous alloys, which are based on iron and carbon alloys, include low carbon steels, alloys and tool steels. In the production of primary steels this material contains about 95% iron;4% carbon ”(P.462). Steel is an alloy of metal and non -metallic elements, this becomes iron (faith) and carbon (c). In other words, it is the combination of a solvent plus the solute, where the solvent becomes iron while the solute is carbon.

The carbon percentage for a carbon steel ranges from 0.05% and 2.00% mass which this determines the type and quality of steel produced. It is said that carbon is an element that gives life to steel, without it only with the presence of iron the material would be very hard and would not comply with one of the most important required properties that flexibility is, which manifests itself exclusivelyduring an earthquake.

Steels are classified according to the carbon percentages that occur in steel, they become carbon steels and alloy steels. First, Martín supports that "carbon steels are those that only carry carbon as alloy to get the desired properties". From the aforementioned appointment it follows that this type of steel is commonly called as carbon steels where the carbon percentage is presented between 0.05% to 2.00%. The greater the amount of carbon in the steel always when taking into account the limit of the given percentage increases its elastic limit and the resistance to the traction, consequently its plasticity and tenacity decreases. Finally, Martín mentions that "other alloying elements are added to alloy steels that facilitate the manipulation of microstructure". To obtain an alloy steel, it is necessary that the alloy elements combine with the steel to obtain better properties and witness better results in its application. In this type of steel the carbon percentage is present between 2.00% to 6.67% carbon. Alloy elements are added to make solid insertion solutions where the solute atom is introduced by holes from the solvent network without excessively distorting the network, only very small elements can make this type of solution which are presented as (C, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H.N, b).

Steel presents certain mechanical characteristics subject to tensile and resilience tests. On the one hand, Blázquez, Lorenzo & del Río highlights that “this trial allows to obtain information on the ability of a material to withstand the action of static loads or loads that vary slowly at homologous temperatures”. Traction tests are probably defined as a method to obtain certain mechanical characteristics of metals. This test consists of lengthening the material tested for which it is tied between the machine jaws from the 2 ends of the material, this test allows to know the characteristics of the material subjected to effort and deformation. If the test material. When the test material is broken without deforming under minimum efforts it means that it is not a ductile material which is not favorable for construction in construction. While the material suffers a deformation subject to major efforts, it is said that the material is tenacious and favorable in the construction of any work. 

On the other hand, according to Blázquez, Lorenzo & del Río, resilience tests are intended to measure the resistance to the clash of a material. To make this test a device known as Charpy pendulum is used. The trial consists of placing the test material on the support block then a dough is dropped from a height that must break the specimen when colliding with it. Subsequently, the type of fracture or ductile is analyzed from a macroscopic point of view. The results may vary according to its crystalline structure of the material tested.

In conclusion, steel is an alloy of combination between iron and carbon its main objective is to resistance to concrete and improve its flexibility property. There are inputs that facilitate the obtaining of steel for this, iron and carbon are combined so the steels are classified according to the carbon percentages that are presented in the steel, these become carbon steels and alloyed steels. On the one hand, steel presents certain mechanical characteristics subject to tensile and resilience tests that thanks to this we can know the resistance of the material to be able to use it on site. It is recommended to know the necessary materials for its production of steel, which thanks to this can improve its necessary property for its application. On the one hand, know the different trials that allow you to know the quality of steel that thanks to this we can apply in construction and obtain better results.