The Research Problem(s)

The Research Problem(s).
The research problem entails ascertaining the genetic bases of alcohol use disorder (AUD).
The Hypothesis of the Research
The study hypothesizes that ancestral alcohol exposure influences the consumption of alcohol, as well as neurobiological sensitivity to alcohol.
The Importance of the Research
The research is important because it highlights the correlation between paternal alcoholism and its influence on children sired by alcoholics. Moreover, the study contributes to the literature on genetically acquired attributes related to alcohol consumption, how such attributes influence certain behaviors, as well as and how the outcomes vary according to gender.
Methods and Procedures
The research was conducted using real-time Quantitative PCR (RT-Qpcr) in which RNA was changed into cDNA, the process involved the calculation of duplicate genes and finding the mean of the resulting values. The method employed the two-bottle choice test in determining the effect of ethanol exposure on ethanol predilection and use. To test the research hypothesis, the researchers exposed male mice to continual vapor ethanol and to control conditions, after which they were mated with “ethanol-naïve” females. Their offspring were then tested for ethanol-induced behaviors, ethanol drinking, DNA methylation, and gene expression.
Evaluation of Methods and Procedures
The methods and procedures were significant in establishing whether alcoholic behaviors are heritable and whether the behaviors develop subsequently in the sired offsprings.

The procedures were important because they helped ascertain the genetic bases of alcohol use disorder.
Sample
To conduct the experiment, 8-week-old male and female mice were used. The male and female mice were healthy and unexposed to ethanol before the experiment.
Reliability and Validity of Instruments used
The instruments employed are valid and reliable. Instruments such as chambers that conveyed vaporized ethanol were reliable because they helped achieve the required ethanol absorption in the blood hence a consistent outcome. The validity of instruments was attained through instruments such as Analox ethanol analyzer used to measure ethanol concentration in the blood that was harvested.
Type of Research
The study is quantitative in nature because it emphasizes the statistical and numerical data analysis approaches. Statistical data has been manipulated using computational techniques.
Data Analysis
Data analysis was carried out using a statistical tests such as the student’s t-test, X2 test, and two-way ANOVA. The sperm and DNA collected were analyzed using the above methods. Regarding the analysis of methylated DNA, sets of DNAs were analyzed by employing the Mann-Whitney U test.
Major Finding(s)
The findings of the research revealed that ethanol sired male offspring had lesser tendency to consume alcohol but exhibited increased susceptibility to anxiolytic and effects of ethanol in contrast to the ethanol free sired male offspring. However, the outcome in ethanol sired female offspring and ethanol free sired offspring did not differ. Moreover, the research established that paternal alcohol exposure serves to regulate behavior sensitivity and alcohol use among offspring and not females.
Importance of the Findings
The findings are important because they offer novel understanding and insight into the hereditary nature and the development of alcohol dependency tendencies. These findings create a new understanding of alcoholism, and how the habit may be inherited by offspring.
Improvement of the Research
The study could be improved tremendously by highlighting the reasons for the different outcome in ethanol-sired males and ethanol sired females. The basis for such gendered differences has not been explored.