Theory And Manage Of Organizational Change

Theory and manage of organizational change

Introduction.

From the 18th century, after the industrial revolution, society has had certain changes in the economic, political, technological and cultural field. This due to new materials and energy sources such as coal and steam, which were implemented in different production machines, such as spinning and knitting. Most of the population remained with agricultural work and their productivity was low. However, thanks to the discovery of these energy sources and the creation of machines, this change, and productivity was to increase.

Therefore, all this new system needed an organization so that it could work effectively, since people had never had contact with machines and were not trained to handle them. So, many of them began to lower their performance and produce less than they were able to produce.

Developing

Indeed, exponents such as Henry Fayol (classical theory) and Frederick Taylor (scientific theory). They investigated on this subject and contributed different solutions such as the basic functions and division of tasks in areas, creating a system in which there was more cost with less cost, add conditions to pay more to the operator that produces more and studies how they felt the workers and managers in their work environment. In addition, there was also humanistic theory, which was created by a group of sociologists, who tried how the worker felt with himself in the workplace.

In the same way, there were also two other theories that were of great importance, bureaucratic and structural in this essay we will find more about its origins, disadvantages, advantages and characteristics.

Bureaucratic theory.

This theory was created by Max Weber around the 1940s, depending on the criticisms made to classical theory (for its mechanism) and humanistic theory (for its romanticism); since, due to the size and complexity that were increasingly developed in companies, a model that guarantees maximum efficiency was needed.

Weber defined bureaucracy as "the most efficient form of organization" and its objective is maximum organizational efficiency. He pointed out that the modern, rational and capitalist production system originated from moral norms which he called "Protestant Ethics" and that the different forms of rationality arose from religious changes.

Types of society

Weber distinguishes three types of society:

1. Traditional society: in which patriarchal and hereditary and conservative characteristics predominate.

two. Charismatic society: people who have relevance in society.

3. Legal, rational or bureaucratic society: it is the type of technical authority and meritocracy.

FEATURES

• Legal nature of the norms.
• Formal character of communication.
• Rationality in work distribution.
• Impersonality in labor relations.
• Efficiently established hierarchy of authority.
• Standardized Routines and Work Procedures.
• Specialization of administration and administrators, as a separate and differentiated class from property (shareholders).
• Professionalization of participants.
• Complete predictability of labor operation.

ADVANTAGE

• Definition of the position in detail with the functions and duties.
• Efficient decision making.
• There are no trauma for the change of personnel.
• Security in the execution of orders for already being defined.
• Standardized procedures that avoid delays
• Recognition by the worker of his duties and his classmates.
• Agreements in decision making.

Disadvantages

• When efficiency and efficacy are not taken into account.
• Use of not convenient strategies for the delay of unjustified procedures.
• Exaggerated appointments on payroll.
• Ease of committing acts against what is belonging to the State.
• Absence of creativity.
• Delay in paying salaries to employees.
• Possibilities of being politician.

Structuralist theory

The structuralist theory appeared in the late 50. Thompson, Burton Clarke, Jean Viet.

This theory is a "continuation" of bureaucratic theory and has a small approach to humanistic theory; represents a critical vision of the organization. It was created by the need to focus “the organization as a large and complex social unit, where social groups interact” and its objective is to study the problems of companies and their causes.

FEATURES

They consider that there are 4 primary elements that are: authority, communication, behavior structure and formalization structure.

Appeared as a consequence of low productivity. Likewise, this theory studies the organizational man, someone who can perform different functions in several organizations, and he must have the following characteristics to succeed:

• Flexibility
• Patience in the face of problems
• Desire for realization.

For their part, they also dedicated themselves to searching for models of organizations for companies for their different approaches and levels:

• Rational: It is a closed system, which focuses on internal aspects with emphasis on planning and control
• Natural: It is an open system, which focuses on interdependence with the environment in companies

ADVANTAGE.

• Employees already know their respective functions and responsibilities.
• speed in decision making.
• A constancy is generated, since decisions are made to the future in the same way

Disadvantages.

• The work field of each person is limited, since each one has a respective task.
• The works become extensive and excessive because there is a lot of control.
• The company must often change its internal structure, since the external sector is changing.

conclusion.

These two theories mentioned, added to the rest we saw in the introduction, have been essential in the search for the ideal structure to maintain, direct and coordinate a company. All have become contributions to clarify and let us know that the administration is not only based on producing more at less costs, but also involves different factors such as psychological, structural, tasks etc. And that the employee has a great impact on the company. So you have to know how to drive.

Bibliography.

• · Saúl Trejo Fuentes (2008). Structuralist theory of the administration. 
• · Idalberto. C. Introduction to the General Theory of Administration
• · Gustavo Trelles. Bureaucracy – Max Weber. 
• Ernesto Ortiz (2014). Max Weber and bureaucracy. 
• · Dany Pedro David (2012). Structuralist theory.