Was the first Reconstruction as discussed in Chapter Sixteen effective?

Part One:
Was the first Reconstruction as discussed in Chapter Sixteen effective? Why or Why not?
Yes. The first Reconstruction was effective as depicted in chapter sixteen. Its primary aim was to terminate the prevalence of slave trade. Malcolm X’s argument strived to bring about equality among the Americans and Africa-Americans in the U.S. The first Reconstruction was, in fact, against the oppression and dehumanization of black folk. The discussion was effective because it addressed the in-depth scope of Reconstruction. In addition, its influence is also notable due to the eradication of the institution of the slave trade. As it delved into the inhumane nature of Jim Crow’s system of discrimination, the discussion attempted to showcase the effects of slavery among African-Americans.
Individuals also understood the scope of racial inequality and its effects on the nation’s overall progress. An integration of The Civil War; reiterates Malcolm’s negative sentiments apropos slavery as a form of trade in the U.S. The war was a retaliation of Americans after the Southerners subjected numerous African-Americans to slave trade and oppression. It is also important to understand the oppressed nature of black folk outside the institution of slavery. In addition to experiencing hardships as slaves, the discussion castigates police brutality, as a way of upholding the rights of blacks. Spreading these ideologies ascertained the effectiveness of this discussion about the first Reconstruction.

Through Malcolm X’s assessment, individuals manage to understand the relationship between The Civil War and slavery. The debate about perpetration of slavery in the U.S., therefore, is placated by an understanding of Malcolm X’s assertion on the first Reconstruction. Its effectiveness is notable due to the end results associated with slavery in America. Despite its significance in addressing slavery, there are proposers of the slave trade that do not concur with Malcolm X’s assertion regarding the first Reconstruction.
Part Two:
Outline the different phases of Reconstruction, beginning with Lincoln’s plan and moving through Presidential Reconstruction to Congressional Reconstruction.
After the Civil War in 1865, America witnessed the Reconstruction Era. There are different phases, each taking place during different periods in the 19th century. Both Presidential and Congressional Reconstruction is considered essential in understanding the prevalence of America’s Civil War. In exploring Presidential Reconstruction, individuals observe President Lincoln and his presence during the American Civil War. Even if his government did not embark on eradicating slavery in good time, President Lincoln’s plan was to terminate slavery in America. After solving the issue in Washington D.C., Lincoln’s plan managed to suffice throughout the U.S. states. When these slaves acquired freedom, Lincoln’s efforts in depicting Presidential Reconstruction, ensured that they joined military forces to better themselves.
According to Andrew Johnson’s perception of Presidential Reconstruction, the Southerners were superior to Northerners in America. After succeeding Lincoln, Johnson offered his input about the existence of African-Americans in the South. These individuals were not given the liberty and freedom to exercise their political rights. The masters and owners of slaves, according to Johnson, would be pardoned and given back their land. He considered it quite uncanny to offer freed individuals these pieces of land. In developing the tenets of Presidential Reconstruction, Johnson does not offer much consideration for the African-Americans that were sold into slavery. By denouncing The Civil Rights Act, it is quite obvious that Johnson perpetrated the spread of racial inequality in America. These ideologies were characterized in Presidential Reconstruction, thereby, showcasing Andrew Johnson’s verdict on slavery and the Civil War, as a whole.
In 1866, individuals witnessed the Congressional Reconstruction or Radical Reconstruction. Unlike the Presidential Reconstruction, Congressional Reconstruction strived to ensure that the social, political, legal and economic rights of Southern African-Americans were not infringed. In addition to being allowed to vote, black individuals in the South were protected highly by the federal government. Their ability to be safeguarded and protected ensured that these African-Americans voted for their fellow people of color. In understanding Congressional Reconstruction, it is evident that freed slaves occupied land; which originally belonged to their masters or owners.
Even if they were given these pieces of land, the extent of financial and economic strain forced these freed slaves to indulge in share cropping as well as other similar arrangements. The phase of Congressional Reconstruction portrays a better situation in America. It is observable after the prevalence of the 1865-Civil War in the U.S. It is unfortunate that the Congressional Reconstruction phase deteriorated after the Radicals experienced feuds with the European Democrats. In attempting to defeat whites, they engaged in utter violence and conflicts. It is during the Congressional Reconstruction phase that white individuals reincorporated the superiority ideologies into America. While the Presidential Reconstruction phase is seen as consistent throughout the period of the Civil War and slave trade, the Congressional Reconstruction phase portrays an unexpected turn of events during the 19th century.
As Lincoln’s successor-Andrew Johnson-was bent toward overthrowing America’s government, the radicals perpetrating the Congressional Reconstruction, ensured that democratic systems were existent in the U.S. Even if slavery was eradicated in America, it was impossible for them to get rid of white superiority and supremacy in the nation. The Congressional Reconstruction, therefore, is seen as a neutralizing factor for Johnson’s Presidential Reconstruction phase. While African-Americans’ rights were considered in the former, the Presidential Reconstruction phase disregarded people of color.
Bibliography
Calhoun, Charles W. 2002. The human tradition in America from the colonial era through Reconstruction. Wilmington, Del: SR Books.
Dickerson, Donna Lee. 2003. The Reconstruction era: primary documents on events from 1865 to 1877. Westport, Conn. [u.a.]: Greenwood.
Escott, Paul D. 2008. North Carolinians in the era of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Jones, Reinette F. 2002. Library service to African Americans in Kentucky, from the reconstruction era to the 1960s. Jefferson, NC [u.a.]: McFarland.
Lynch, Matthew, and Molefi Kete Asante. 2012. Before Obama: a reappraisal of Black Reconstruction era politicians. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger.
Webb, Ross A. 2009. Kentucky in the reconstruction era. Lexington, Kentucky : The University Press of Kentucky.