Baseball in 1900’s

Baseball in 1900’s
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 Annotated bibliography
Clark, M., & Mullen, P. (1990). Black Involvement in the Early Years of Professional Baseball. In Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and the American Culture (Vol. 2, pp. 375-385). Meckler.
The article by Clark & Mullen has demonstrated the involvement of the Black in baseball. The author has proved a well-researched paper on how different races and especially the black contributed to the success of the professional baseball playing. The authors have highlighted on the impoverished nature of the black baseball teams in the history and how the black baseball was different from city to another an issue that was mostly contributed by the financial status from decade to decade. The article has also shown the changing patterns of the social classes and the partial stratification that have been evolving throughout the history of baseball.
The article is of great significance to the research regarding the history of baseball because it has demonstrated the cultural influence of the baseball in the American history. The source is reliable because the information is well supported with evidence on how these changes have been happening. The source is very helpful in getting to know the overview of the role that race has played in the baseball profession throughout the history.
Gluck, H. (1975). Baseball’s great moments.

New York: Random House.
Baseball is a game that had taken a long journey for it to mature as it is present. According to Gluck is that baseball had many fans during the 1900s. Baseball matured during the 1920s when New York Yankees were led to the victory of Some World Series championships by Babe Ruth. Every team had players whom they thought were the best. Jackie Robinson (1919-1972) is one of the players who was considered to be courageous and competitive. He was the first African-American to play in the major leagues in 1947.
This book is relevant to the baseball topic and is also written within the right context. It has information that relates to the rest of the sources used. It is also accurate and helpful in studying the history of baseball.
Jozsa Jr, F. P. (2010). Major League Baseball Expansions and Relocations: A History, 1876-2008. McFarland.
The book by Jozsa has provided a thorough investigation on the development of major baseball leagues in the America history. The book has chronologically arranged all the baseball events that took place in the American history from the year 1976 to 2008. The author is keen on detailing the American Baseball League expansion throughout the history, National league expansion, and the relation of various teams in the history of baseball.
The book is an indispensable work for any individual conducting research on the history of baseball and the leagues that have been held throughout the history. The book offers data as well as descriptive statistics relating to the demographics of the US where the expansion took place. Jozsa also gives a description regarding the performance of the team before and after the relocation. The author of the book is knowledgeable on matters relating to professional sports and has the ability to incorporate scholarly and comprehensive analysis of the baseball leagues throughout the history. The book is a strong source that will support the paper on baseball in 1900’s.
Okkonen, M. (1992). Baseball memories: 1900-1909. New York: Sterling Pub. Co.
This book gives the summary of the leagues that occurred from the 1900s to the present day. According to the author is that the baseball game was not a professional one since no one behaved as expected. The players, the fans and the owners of the game did not act professionally. The ballparks were inferior, and they frequently burned down, and the baseball was affected to a great extent. The attendance of the baseball game during the 1900s was quite high. Bad behavior continued to be experienced in the game even at this time. The team became annoyed by the low salaries which were given by the cap structure. Under the leadership of Samuel Gompers as the president of the AFL (American Federation of Labor), the team decided to form a union that would help in negotiating their concerns with employers. After that, the owners of the clubs failed to accept any suggestion that the players raised. They also cut down the number of the workforce by ten percent. During the 1900s the National League was abandoned, and another better alternative was upheld which was the American League. The American League signified an honest and safe alternative to the National League. The start of a new modern era meant that the National League was not supposed to exist anymore and that the American league could take the position for peace to prevail in this new era.
The book has the same arguments as those raised in other books in my bibliography. The information is reliable as the book qualifies as an academic book. The author is objective and not biased. This source is helpful as it relates to what I am researching. This book will help in my research project as it will expand my knowledge of baseball.
Riess, S. A. (1999). Touching base: Professional baseball and American culture in the progressive era. University of Illinois Press.
Riess offers an honest opinion in his book regarding then baseball from the 1900’s. Touching Base has examined rituals, symbol, and realities that are present in the favorite America’ pastime. The book has described the relationship that existed between community, urban politics, and baseball especially in Atlanta, Chicago, and New York in the twentieth century. The book has also explained how baseball mirrored and influenced the society during that era. The book has demonstrated the history of the US through baseball as well as having the ability to utilize the sociological theory in conducting research about the history of baseball.
The book by Riess is of great importance in understanding the history of baseball. The book is extremely valuable to baseball scholar especially in research about the history of baseball. The book is a credible source for research given that the author is a renowned professor of history at the Northeastern Illinois University. The book is of significance to the research because it has provided knowledge as to why baseball became then national pastime.
Riess, S. A. (1977). Race and ethnicity in American baseball: 1900-1919.The Journal of Ethnic Studies, 4(4), 39.
The article by Riess regarding the race and ethnicity that dominated the American baseball in 1900 to 1920 is a very important aspect that should not be ignored in research on the history of baseball. The author has clearly shown the progressive changes that took place in the baseball history during this period with matters related to ethnicity and racism becoming a thing of the past in the game. The article has shown the form of discrimination that dominated the baseball in the early years and how these things kept on changing throughout the history.
The article by Riess offers an expert opinion on the changes that have taken place on concerns relating to ethnicity and racism in baseball. The author has also offered support to the claims of racism which are matters of great importance that need to be addressed the history of baseball from the 1900’s. The source is reliable because the author is an expert in sport and has for many years shown interest in the studies relating to the game of baseball. It will strongly support and contribute to the success of the research paper regarding baseball.
Seymour, H. (1971). Baseball: 2. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
Seymour described the 1900-1919 period as the ‘dead ball era.’ This is a time when the games were scoring low and were therefore dominated by fabulous pitchers. The name describes what was happening during this time to the baseball game. The owners were not willing to spend more money purchasing the baseballs since it cost some few dollars. They were therefore not willing to spend more money when the new balls were considered to be unnecessary. The game was dominated by singles, stolen bases, bunts, hit and run and other strategies that were tactics used during games. According to the author is that African Americans, as well as the Hispanic, have played baseball as long as the whites. Racial tensions were evident during these games.
This book is rich in information relating to baseball during the 1900 era. It is exciting as it explains with clarity what happened during those times. The book will be helpful in understanding the history of baseball in the United States as well as other countries around the world.
Stoltz III, J. F. (2012). Turbulent Seasons: Baseball in 1890–1891, and: Under Pallor, Under Shadow: The 1920 American League Pennant Race That Rattled and Rebuilt Baseball, and: Wins, Losses, and Empty Seats: How Baseball Outlasted the Great Depression (review). Journal of Sport History,39(2), 335-339.
Stoltz III is one of the authors who has demonstrated an interest in the history of baseball throughout the history. The author has also shown extensive understanding of the history of baseball and the leagues that were being played in the history of the game. The author has systematically and logically arranged the matters through the history of baseball. Some of the interests that the author has mentioned are the act of baseball outlasting the great depression. Most of the people during the era of depression concentrated on the baseball and appeared almost to forget the effects of Great Depression which are a depiction of how the Americans enjoyed the game.
The article has offered reliable information that is supported regarding the history of baseball. The illustration that has been given in the article offer a superior understanding of the game and how it came into being one of the most admired sport in the American history. The article from Stoltz III is a reliable literature that has to be used in the development of the research regarding the history of baseball because of its accuracy and authenticity.
Sullivan, D. A. (2001). Middle innings: A documentary history of baseball, 1900-1948. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
According to this book is that the baseball was revived at the beginning of the twentieth century. The sport had faced many challenges in the 1890s. The rise of the American league to the major league status helped in rebuilding baseball to be a two league game as it used to be in the 1880s. Additionally, the post-season championship series was also reinvented to be in the world series. Other levels of baseball also expanded after the majors became stable. According to the author is that minor leagues flourished during this period and the According and the college ball become popular than before. This situation also led to the expansion of baseball to the international countries. A country like Japan sent its top clubs to the US so that they can gain experience in the sport. The new century also was significant for the African Americans who had been exiled from their national pastime since they formed professional leagues. The destiny of the game seemed to be promising at that time.
This book is related to other sources in the bibliography as it is about Baseball in 1900’s. The information in the book is reliable as well as objective. This source is supportive to me as it has assisted in understanding Baseball in the 1900’s in a broad way. The source can enhance my history background in regards to this topic in detail.
References
Clark, M., & Mullen, P. (1990). Black Involvement in the Early Years of Professional Baseball. In Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and the American Culture (Vol. 2, pp. 375-385). Meckler.
Gluck, H. (1975). Baseball’s great moments. New York: Random House.
Jozsa Jr, F. P. (2010). Major League Baseball Expansions and Relocations: A History, 1876-2008. McFarland.
Okkonen, M. (1992). Baseball memories: 1900-1909. New York: Sterling Pub. Co.
Riess, S. A. (1999). Touching base: Professional baseball and American culture in the progressive era. University of Illinois Press.Riess, S. A. (1977). Race and ethnicity in American baseball: 1900-1919.The Journal of Ethnic Studies, 4(4), 39.
Seymour, H. (1971). Baseball: 2. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
Stoltz III, J. F. (2012). Turbulent Seasons: Baseball in 1890–1891, and: Under Pallor, Under Shadow: The 1920 American League Pennant Race That Rattled and Rebuilt Baseball, and: Wins, Losses, and Empty Seats: How Baseball Outlasted the Great Depression (review). Journal of Sport History,39(2), 335-339.
Sullivan, D. A. (2001). Middle innings: A documentary history of baseball, 1900-1948. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press