Black Racial Identity Development Model

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Black Racial Identity Development Model
Black Racial Identity Development Model describes the process in which black people develop a sense of themselves by appreciating their blackness in the hostile sociopolitical environment. The model is vital because it helps the black people cope with negative aspects such as oppression and discrimination. Also, the theory is related to elements such as acculturation, psychological health, self-actualization, academic achievement, and psychosocial competence (Jackson 33). Moreover, the model is critical because it assists the black individuals to shift from the negative to positive self-identity in their respective racial group membership. It involves several stages including pre-encounter, encounter, emersion, internalization and commitment. The model is also essential to the counselors because it assists them in knowing how individuals identify with their biological cultures. Without the model, it would be difficult for counselors to distinguish the whites and blacks just by their physical appearance.
However, the model does not explain how particular aspects of an individual’s identity can interact with the racial identity. These aspects include sexual orientation, gender, and socioeconomic status (Constantine et al. 98). These aspects are vital because they can significantly shape a person’s black identity. Additionally, the theory is criticized because it lacks adequate discussion about how racism can influence the experiences and perspectives of black people.

Some people believe that the model can contribute to the internalization of racism by black individuals who may, in turn, limit their potential. Besides, the model does not focus on the geographical considerations of the black individuals.
In my opinion, the model is not effective and appropriate in the evaluation of a person’s identity. This is because it does not consider the effect of societal forces on the racial identity. Furthermore, the model does not indicate how black individuals across generations can manifest racism. If I designed an alternative model, it would be dynamic and responsive to the societal and time contexts. Also, the model would discuss how isolated black persons can reconnect with their origins and history.
Works Cited
Constantine, Madonna G., et al. “An overview of Black racial identity theories: Limitations and considerations for future theoretical conceptualizations.” Applied and Preventive Psychology 7.2 (1998): 95-99.
Jackson III, B. W. “Black identity development.” CL Wijeyesinghe & B. W. Jackson, III. New perspectives on racial identity development: Integrating emerging frameworks (2012): 33-50.