Compare and contrast psychodynamics and behaviorism theory

Compare And Contrast Psychodynamics And Behaviorism Theory
Student’s Name:
Course:
Institution:
Date:
Abstract
Psychology, the science of truth is a comprehensive science that integrates human behaviors and thoughts. It integrates various fields of thought which examine one’s mind and subsequent behavior. “Schools of psychology” are the specific disciplines considered by scientists to assist in furthering the understanding of groups, individuals, organizations, cultures and societies (Ghezzi, 2014). The two approaches deliberated are the behaviorist and psychodynamic approaches.
Psychodynamics that is also recognized such as dynamic psychology. In its comprehensive logic is a tactic to psychology that emphasizes systematic training of these psychological forces that cause feelings, human behavior and emotions and how it might also relate to first experience. It is mainly interested in the self-motivated relations who are between motivation unconscious and conscious motivation. The word psychodynamics is also referred or used by others to refer precisely to the psychoanalytical tactic established by Sigmund Freud and his supporters. Freud who was motivated by the concept of thermodynamics and resolved to use this term psychodynamics to define the practices of the brain as streams of psychological energy in a gradually complex mind. In the cure of psychological agony, psychodynamic psychotherapy has a habit of a less rigorous modality than the traditional Freudian psychoanalysis cure that takes more sessions in a week (Ghezzi 2014).

Psychodynamic therapies hinge on and upon a system of inner struggle where suppressed actions and emotions seeming into the longsuffering patient. Psychodynamics can also be defined as the psychology of the emotional forces, mental processes emerging particularly in early infancy and their properties on mental states and behavior.
Behaviorism is less or more concerned and with behavior rather than with the thinking, knowing or feeling. It concentrations on the impartial and noticeable mechanisms of behavior. The behaviorist philosophies all share a portion of some of the description of stimulus-response appliances for learning. Behaviorism initiated with the labor of a man known as John Watson, a psychologist of American origin. Watson alleged the opinion that psychology must and should only concern those above with the education of behavior therefore he was and did not concern itself with the brain or with human social consciousness. With time he reflected it and found it paramount that women and men could be premeditated subjectively like apes and rats. Watson’s behavioral theory was based and calculated on the tests of a man known as Ivan Pavlov and classical habituation. Nowadays, behaviorism that is also associated with the looks and name of a man known as B.F. Skinner, he made his status by analyzing Watson’s concepts in the test center. Skinner eventually disallowed Watson’s almost elite stress on impulses and conditioning (Smith, M. B 2013). Skinner thought that individuals answer to their surroundings, but they too also function on the surroundings to create certain consequences hence they contribute in an opinion loop as most important measure of a superior system.
The psychodynamic theory or approach argues that experiences in children age brackets have important effect on the growth of adult personality and character without their awareness and consciousness. Freud, who was the founder and owner of psychodynamic tactic to psychology, recommended the psyche comprises of the subsequent three parts. Amongst these three, persons are always not aware and alert of that part that is the unconscious part hence which must always struggle between the superego and the identification. The identification is always simple unconscious drives always present and active in the baby and the “superego” always represents the most conscience developed part by existing in a communal. These two main parts of psyche have and will have to be accomplished by the “ego”, which intercedes amid the instincts of the “id” and communal constraints. The man Freud claimed that every kid must endure the “psycho-sexual” phases and their capabilities will play a huge part in fully-grown development, mainly the growth of personality. There are numerous substantial dissimilarities amid psychodynamic and behavioral tactics. Reasonably, psychodynamic approach distinguishes that practices in infantile have influence through our existence without our awareness and realization. It provides vital framework for adjudicating one’s character and personality, thinking and behavior. For instance, the motive for individual committing homicide may be because it was caused by his violent forefather always has continuously and physically-punished and mistreated him since he was a child. However, behavioral approach claimed most human beings conduct is power-driven and one’s character and personality is merely the creation of responses and stimuli. As a result, the psychodynamic method recognizes everyone can and might suffer from mental sicknesses and conflicts and battles without their intentions or faults. Agreeing to behavioral method, personality is regarded as a design of educated behaviors established through both classical and operant conditioning hence then further formed by strengthening of such as the punishment or prizes. Classical conditioning, mainly suggested by Pavlov (1936) is “learning through association” that recommended discrete learns to attach an impartial stimulus with the reflex reply such as annoyance or enjoyment. Also operant conditioning, principally suggested by B. F. Skinner (1974), is “learning through the outcomes of behavior.” “If one’s behavior is rewarded, then it will be maintained or increased; if it is penalized, it will be weakened and even extinguished.” Matched with psychodynamic approach, a different fault of behavioral approach is, it disregards the part that is unconscious. Agreeing to Social Education Theory by Bandura (1989) has optional cognitive issues cannot be ignored if education is needed and should be implicit. Bandura who has also distinguished that while prize and penalty substantially form one’s character, cognition has much influence by way of doing. Also, the values of the behavioral approach need mainly been verified on animals. Hence implies the findings maybe or may not be appropriate to human and who is always more complex.
A key alteration concerning the behaviorist and psychodynamic theory is in the footings of the nurture or nature dispute. The psychodynamic theory takes into interpretation of both the nurture and nature while the behaviorist theory only proceeds into account of the nurture adjacent of the dispute or debate.  In the so psychodynamic approach people like Freud denied that grownups or adult character is the produce of innate nature or drives and juvenile nurture or experiences. These innate ambitions include the Id, Ego, the edifice of the character or personality and Integrity in addition to the psychosexual phases of growth that every child goes through.  In case any youngster does not go or pass over these processes effectively it could bring to the abnormalities in the behavior.  On the additional side and hand the behaviorist tactic believes that every behavior is mapped and shaped by community and society, behaviorists trust and believe that we all are born as ‘blank slate’ and culture shapes and forms our behavior.  The two know main key procedures of education about behavior are done through operant conditioning and classical conditioning (Kurt Lewin 2013). Classical training is education through relationship while operant training or conditioning is education through negative and positive reinforcement and association. Behaviorists attitude would be certain that phobias are a and will always be a learned process through classical conditioning that is shown and demonstrated in the Albert Little case. Another difference between them is that behaviorist approach that is scientific and technical in its nature while psychodynamic approach is non-technical and non-scientific.  The major belief of the so behaviorist approach, which is that each behavior should be and is measurable in a quantitative way. Behavior ought to be studied subjectively and objectively and the variables ought to be operationalized so they can be easy to measure and make them simple.  For instance, Bandura’s work that was piloted under lab settings that were the most scientific approach, where by youngsters were allotted to investigational conditions that were the aggressive group and control condition that was nonaggressive group.  By exchanging the original variables, Bandura possibly concluded that the caused aggression was because caused the social educating theory. In contrast, to the psychodynamic theory or approach is not and will not be scientific as it’s neither testable hence making it so difficult to try and falsify it.  A good concept ought to be capable and able to be verified to corroborate if it is wrong or right. It is hard to examination this concept scientifically. For instance, the using the theory of dream analysis which is a personal process and there been no scientific capacities of clarifications. Also, much of the test of Freud’s effort was founded on a precise small tester and thus difficult to take a broad view of these results to other individuals in the residents.
One and only of the comparisons amid the behaviorist and psychodynamic approaches and theories is that we understand that both are useful to use in many and good ways. Psychodynamic approach places of interest in the importance of youthful experiences hence arguing that youthful stage is the critical age in development thus who we grow up to become will always be greatly swayed by childhood understandings (Burton, A 2013).  Thoughts put presumptuous by the great man Freud have significantly influenced rehabilitations used to cure mental disorders and he Freud was first individual to identify that psychological elements could impact physical signs of paralysis that was shown by and in the Anna incident.  The behaviorist-style that is also practiced in the actual world for the cure of phobias, learning and education.  Classical training has been practiced to the systematic desensitization that has also been useful in helping individuals to deal with the phobias. The values of operant training have also been applied in institutions assisting to underlie effective teaching. Optimistic reinforcement and sentence have assisted to shape behavior out and in the lecture hall. Skinner practiced the values of operant training to teaching and educating people. Skinners thoughts intended that each scholar could labor at their comfortable zone and own speed and received an optimistic reinforcement to inspire imminent learning.
An additional comparison is that behaviorism and psychodynamics theories both are reductionist. Hence psychodynamic approach is only focused on the mechanistic factors that affect and influence our behavior since it diminishes complex man behavior to the procedure of the brain, superego, ego and the battle of the I.D and childhood practices that is psychosexual stages.  For instance, Freud has faith in that the Oedipus difficult can be clarified by the documentation of the similar sex blood relation. However, Gololbok established that there will and was no any difference among kids who were brought up in different hard surroundings by single parents and those brought up by two parents in a family. Issues such as poverty and hardships were more expected to experience the effects (Kurt Lewin 2013).  The behaviorist approach that only centers on simple conservational factors that impact human behavior hence this approach rely on that all human beings behavior is always determined by ecological factors thus emphasizes the cultivate argument. Operant and classical conditioning are most core expectations that impact human behavior. It diminishes human behavior that is to simple human elements hence it ignores almost every cognitive and biological factors that will or could influence and affect our behavior. A further comparison or resemblance is that they are both deterministic.  According to the great man Freud our behavior is and will always be determined by inborn forces that are ego, superego and identification (i.d) and our childhood experiences. It is therefore believed that we as humans have no choice or the free will on what or who we will become and how or in what way we will behave. This is always a deterministic viewing point as it always sees our character and personality as is always being shaped or pre-determined and by the forces will and that we cannot know or change or have and get control over them.  The behaviorist theory and approach clarifies that behavior is always influenced completely by the operant and classical conditioning.  Thus, we are determined to grow a phobia if thus we are having or had an undesirable relationship with it. This tactic does not ponder on free will we human beings may custom when building on choices to make; therefore, individuals have no particular responsibility and accountability for their behavior.
Work cited
Birgegard, a. N. D. R. E. A. S., & Sohlberg, s. T. A. F. F. A. N. (February 01, 2008). Persistent effects of subliminal stimulation: Sex differences and the effectiveness of debriefing. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 1, 19-29.
Ghezzi, P. M., Bonow, J. A., & Doney, J. K. (January 01, 2014). Psychological Theories of Childhood Autism.
Smith, M. B. (March 08, 1987). Kurt Lewin Memorial Address, 2013: War, Peace, and Psychology. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 4, 23-38.
Crouse, J., Burton, A., Firestein, S., Scharf, R. D., & Waldron, S. (October 01, 2013). A path-analytic strategy to analyze psychoanalytic treatment effects. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 84, 5, 1263-1279.