Introduction to the Qualitative Research Critical Appraisal Process

Introduction to the Qualitative Research Critical Appraisal Process
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Introduction to the Qualitative Research Critical Appraisal Process
Introduction
Reproductive health is the whole physical, mental and community welfare in all matters concerning to the generative the reproductive scheme (Leonidaki, 2015). Also, WHO’s explanation regarding reproductive health climaxes precisely significance of an entity’s right in upholding their sexual health rank. Three fundamental erotic health principles are; capacity to relish and control sensual and generative behavior; freedom from disgrace, guilt, panic and other emotional issues that may damage sexual relations; and freedom afterward disease that inhibits sexual and multiplicative function.
Birth control foremost objective is to find ways to stop pregnancy. Particularly, the pillar of the nursing practice is the extent of the principal reproductive health (Leonidaki, 2015). The effective methods of the birth regulator are abstinence, vasectomy sterilization in males and tubal ligation in ladies, intrauterine devices (IUDs), an implantable natal control (Leonidaki, 2015). Hormone-based approaches are oral medicines, patches, vaginal bracelets, and inoculations. Some examples of less effective methods; condoms, birth control squeegees and fertility consciousness methods which are physical obstacles (Granzow, 2008). The least effective approaches are spermicides and pull out method. Sterilization is the most current but permanent while all the others are changeable (Glazier, 2004).

Statement problem
Descriptive studies on contraception methods, their various benefits and draws backs to an individual’s health and select the most suitable method.
Purpose of the study
The main aim of this research is to try to find out the most appropriate birth control method (Glazier, 2004). It is essential for people to access the exact information and the harmless, effective, inexpensive and satisfactory contraception method of their choice to maintain one’s sexual and reproductive health. Everybody has the right to make their personal choices on sexual and reproductive health.
Study assumptions
Target population has some inappropriate perception concerning contraceptive methods. The contraceptive method is not widely used. They have misconceptions about contraceptive methods.
Limitations of the study
The limitation of the study is that not all people were interviewed on the effects of birth control. Secondly, the information was biased since most people were not free to discuss the topic and it was only restricted to the target population.
Hypothesis
Birth control is effective and reduces early pregnancy among youths. Secondly, birth control is potential strategies to reduce STI among people.
Literature review
Leonidaki (2015) researched “The effect of access to EC pills on women’s use” whereby 2863 women were selected for the study it was found out that after using EC Pills there was contraceptive behavioral change. Therefore 41% of women sustained to the use of highly effective methods. Contraceptive performs, and awareness on emergency contraceptives conducted against profession women with a cross-sectional study showed that 11.2% knew about contraceptives whereas only 3% used it. But on the other hand, awareness of EC was little.
“The Canadian Contraception study” conducted amongst 1582 women of between 15-44 years, employing the use of personal report method, showed that knowledge of after pill was 57%. The study showed that knowledge of condoms was 20% and it was used by none of them (Granzow, 2008). An investigation conducted in Bangladesh by Leonidaki (2015) to know to which extent couples use contraceptives revealed that only 1% of women practiced any contraception. But after empowering, advising and follow-up amenities the rate increased to 74% practice of injectable being more than 30%, the acceptance was due to the earlier plan for dealing with side effects effectively (Leonidaki, 2015).
A study by Leonidaki (2015) “Knowledge and attitude of the women on contraceptive methods,” stated that the arrogance of the samples was good and their education level, number of pregnancy, having been informed precisely on contraceptive method influenced the attitude. Training and consultancy services must be done and implemented according to the above findings (Glazier, 2004).
Conceptual framework
The framework based on Health Belief Method which is an intellectual, and interactive. Humans as rational beings use a multidimensional tactic to regulate health enactment (Granzow, 2008). It builds emphasize changeable factors rather than stationary variables which enable possible inventions towards the reduction of health problems.
Overall HBM’s holistic nature eases applications in assorted contexts like contraceptive behavior. According to Granzow, use of family planning methods has aided to reduce pregnancy. Some of the methods include contraceptive or discontinuation.
Methodology
Involves variability of the study, in this case, two variables are; STUDY VARIABLE; The study variables is perception and EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE; understanding as regards to contraceptive use. The survey, on the other hand, will be the research approach. Research design aim at finding out the awareness among women. Therefore, descriptive design was measured to be fit hence accepted. It includes Population- As per Lewis and Salo (1993), “population is the collection of cases that encounter required criteria that the researcher introduces in the study.” In this study, the focus is on individuals who are using contraceptives mainly women.
Sample and sample size. Sample is the representation of the selected population and is used to simplify population. In our case sample size is 40; Sample selection which consists of; Hitched individuals matured between 18-40 years, individuals who have utilized and consistently utilized prophylactic techniques are always willing to take an interest in the investigation and the individuals who exhibit amid the information accumulation time
Examining method. The advantageous purposive testing method was utilized as a part of this investigation to the people who utilize contraceptives basing on age, sexual orientation, instruction, occupation, religion, number of those living with youngsters, length of the marriage and the leader about contraceptives (Leonidaki, 2015). On respectful examination, it will center around the preparatory examination of an indistinguishable general character from the main investigation, intended to give the analyst chance to experiment with the techniques of information accumulation. After taking permissions from various authorities, pilot studies were undertaken. It was found out that respondents got well the questions and were able to follow the interview schedule and gave out needed information. It took at least 10 min for completion of each subject’s interview.
Data collection process
Data were collected within the required time, and the main objective explained to the target, confidentially both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were employed (Leonidaki, 2015). Data were collected by use of interview and questionnaire. Average time taken was 15 minutes.
Plan for data analysis
Data analysis was planned to base on the aim of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics; determining the perception about contraception methods amongst respondents. Secondly, determine the correlation between perception and use of contraceptives regarding respondents. Thirdly, find out everyone’s suitable method of contraception and determine the percentage.
Analysis and interpretation
Data collected was then analyzed and interpreted based on the aim of the study demographic data. From the data collected the majority of the respondents had thirty-three to thirty-eight years. Gender- in our study majority of the respondents were women giving 70% and 30% male; Education- it was evident that 5% of the target was illiterate and maximum percentage having completed education up to the secondary level. Occupation-Majority were employed taking 55%. Those working in private sectors were twenty-five percent and the rest are unemployed. Religion- most people belong to Christianity followed by Muslims then Hindu; Decision-maker- 75% according to the study showed both husband and wife made that decision. The term of marriage-the greater part of the respondents had been hitched for over 14 years.
Dispersion of information identified with discernment towards the utilization of contraceptives. From the examination, over 48% of the object differs from the negative explanations meaning they have a positive discernment towards contraception. Around 87% the individuals who firmly consented to indicate positive observation towards contraception
Information on the reasonable technique for contraception. Implantation was the most reasonable technique as indicated by most respondents posturing 55% different strategies for contraception taking 45% altogether.
The reason for this was it has no daily intake and takes up to 3-12 years and 99.9% effective in pregnancy. However, it has limitations such as discomfort during insertion and an expensive method.
References
Glazier, E. (2004). The birth of birth control. Chemical & Engineering News, 82(38), 4.
Granzow, K. (2008). The Imperative to Choose: A Qualitative Study of Women’s Decision-Making and Use of the Birth Control Pill. Social Theory & Health, 6(1), 1-17.
Leonidaki, V. (2015). Critical Appraisal in the Context of Integrations of Qualitative Evidence in Applied Psychology: The Introduction of a New Appraisal Tool for Interview Studies. Qualitative Research In Psychology, 12(4), 435-452.
Lewis, D., &Salo, E. (1993). Birth Control Contraception and Women’s Rights in SA: A Cape Town case study. Agenda, 9(17), 59-68.