Migration Classes, Advantages And Disadvantages

Migration classes, advantages and disadvantages

Migration is a process that has been presented since the origins of humanity and are of a different nature. White, c. (2000) Establish the following migration classes:

1. According to the geographical limit: in this context we find the inmates that is when there is a displacement within the national and external territory, which contains two subcategories the first when national borders are transferred, and the movements are subject to administrative control, often bythe issuing country and always by the receiving country;and the second refers to the transfer of certain unseeding limits.
2. According to the duration: they are transitory when the migrant establishes their residence in the place of destination for a certain or temporary time, and are permanent when migrants establish their residence in the place of destination definitively or by a prolonged spaceof time.
3. According to the subjects of the decision: the spontaneous, directed and forced are differentiated. The first is that in which the migrant voluntarily decides to abandon his place of origin without any institutional mediation or without being forced to it. As for those directed, the migrant maintains his willingness to emigrate, but installed by agencies that favor the displacements (recruitment of foreign labor). Finally are the forced, in which the migrant does not voluntarily decide his transfer, nor many times his destiny (repatriated, exiled).

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4. According to the causes that motivate them: the most frequent historically speaking are ecological, economic and political. The first is caused by natural catastrophes or adverse habitat situations. The second is produced, as the name implies by economic causes, in this type of migration individuals seem freely and voluntarily "the decision". And in relation to political causes they are caused by nationalist intolerance, by religious or political intransigencies, by highly conflictive social situations. Here all movements originated by any type of war conflict or by racial, ethnic persecutions are included, giving rise to the figures of the displaced, exiled, isolated or refugees.

The classification of migration is related to different factors that directly or indirectly influence the decision of the inhabitants to seek a new place of residence.

There are several factors taken into account to establish the different migration classes determined by the scholars of the subject. Tizón, g. Establish the following classification:

According to time:

• Seasonal: those in which individuals move only in certain seasons of the year.
• Repeated temporal: those in which people are renewed their employment contract, as the contracting company is undertaking new tasks, until the same are ended.
• Several years: it is the most frequent expectation among modern migrants, it is generally emigrated with the idea that only a few years will be outside the place of origin. In many cases it is not so and emigration becomes definitive.
• Indefinite: It is based on the place of origin with the idea of not returning to this, except for vacations or other matter.

According to the way of life: it has to do with the preferences of a way of life according to the activities they carry out in relation to their vital process. The trend in recent years has been migrating from the towns to the cities and in lower quantity in reverse.

According to professional demands and needs:

• Looking for a stable professional status: the case of field workers that are incorporated into the industry.
• Requirement of professional activity: this is the case of the military, officials, diplomats, etc.
• Search for superior development: the migrations of intellectuals seeking new training and/or professionals outside their borders are encompassed.

According to age:

• Infant: Children usually change country accompanying their parents, usually at the same time or after these.
• Of adults: they are those that lead the process based on their criteria and needs, including here the responsibility of care, attention and maintenance of others.
• Of elderly: these can be forced to abandon their place of origin for various reasons either because it becomes uninhabited, to look for enjoyment and better quality of life in other places after their retirement or because their children have already previously emigrated.

According to the degree of freedom:

• Volunteers: currently this type of migration is observed especially in those people whose main motivation is of an economic type.
• FORZOUS: Within this classification are the slaves that refers us to times of colonization;The deported or banished are those who are forced to leave their country or region because their land suffering from migration avatars are taken away, sometimes they are helped by compatriots or by social or political organizations;And refugees are those who leave their country because otherwise their immediate medium of life or even their life itself.

The different kinds of migrants follow the footprint of the origins of humanity because of the imperative desire to move forward, it is that desire that has made us the species that has managed to colonize every corner of the world.

Stages of the migratory process

Migration is the transfer or displacement of the population from one region to another or from one country to another, this constitutes a relevant geographical phenomenon. Tizón, g.  Explain the migratory process with the following stages:

1. Preparation: The migratory process usually begins long before emigrating act. At this stage people make an assessment of what they have and what they will achieve in the future, the emigrant and/or the family are becoming aware of the circumstances in which they are living, it can value limitations and problemsthat they have in the place where they live. Perhaps the information they receive from other people makes them think about many possibilities that would miss staying in their place of origin. An idealization of what will be achieved in the future can be given once the transfer is done.
2. The migratory act: corresponds to the displacement itself from the place of departure to the place (s) of arrival. Almost always the migrant conceives the transfer only for a certain period of time. It will be a few years that he needed to improve his situation and be able to return as if nothing had happened. The conviction to return, has a very important function, since it facilitates making the decision to leave.
3. The settlement: refers to the period that goes since the subject arrives at the receiving country until the immediate minimum subsistence problems solve. This time implies personal changes of the newcomer and environmental by the receiving community, in which there is a mutual knowledge and acceptance or not of coexistence.
4. Integration: it would be the end of the migration process properly elaborated. It is the immersion and incorporation process in the new culture until it felt it as its own, from acceptance and interest in it. For the migrant this implies a renunciation of many of the cultural guidelines with which until then he had lived, other rules would remain in the intimacy of his home, which allow him to preserve his own identity, coexisting with the new customs acquired.

Migratory processes is one of the most important events of our time, they are gradually positioning as a phenomenon of growing interest.

Advantages of migration

1. Migration benefits the economy of nations because greater capital develops.
2. It allows to increase productivity by diversifying labor supply.
3. Help economic growth. 
4. Contribute to demographic bonus.
5. Favors greater tax collection.
6. More companies are created as a source of job creation.
7. Help care work.

Disadvantages of migration

1. Not all countries where people migrate are hospitable with immigrants.
2. Racial discrimination or discriminatory comments can be presented, by its country or region of origin.
3. Unemployment is a significant disadvantage for the immigrant, especially if it is decided to live in another country without validating academic and/or professionals who have in the country.
4. Exploitation can be given by their employers because they cannot change their situation.
5. Many immigrants are dedicated to practicing criminal acts instead of finding jobs legally.
6. People must deal with loneliness, having to leave home, family and friends.
7. The change of culture, by experiencing new meals, customs, dances, etc.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES:

• White, c. (200). Contemporary migrations. Madrid, Spain: Editorial Alliance.
• Tizón, g. (1993). Migrations and Mental Health. Barcelona, Spain: ppu.
• Briseño, g. (s/f). Migration. Recovered from: https: // www.Euston96.com/migration/#advantages