Migration In Mexico Since The Nineteenth Century

Migration in Mexico since the nineteenth century

Introduction

Mexico has a border that delimits with Guatemala which was defined since the nineteenth century, but the massive migration that it is currently experiencing has only been seen in recent decades. During the Cold War, more specifically at the end of this stage, millions of Central Americans crossed the border in order to escape from civil wars. 

For this same reason Mexico, El Salvador and Guatemala, created peace -treaties and negotiations that led to a refugee distribution -which was voluntarily carried out in the 1990s. At present, we are facing a tense situation between Mexico and the United States, since the route of migrants is to reach the American territory. 

For Mexico, the control of its southern border means a certain protection against the threats of the American president Donald Trump. However, the continuous escape and flight of Central Americans mainly of poverty and violence that their countries of origin mean that for Mexico these protection lines are becoming an increasingly weak barrier. One of the notorious consequences both in migrants and refugees and residents is the increase in xenophobia and crime on the southern border.

Developing

As for Mexico’s policy with its southern border and added to the pressure that EE.UU. It exercises on it has led to a relationship that has evolved in stages. The executive heads in 2001 intended to reach an agreement on the migratory issue, however after the attacks of the same year, this negotiation was abandoned since the United States focused on security against terrorism.

Thanks to this event Mexico was dedicated to implementing an immigration policy known as Plan Sur. 

This plan is to deter emigration from individuals from South America to the United States, it also reinforces the security and inspection of documents in order to find people without papers in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. In the same way, it was sought to stimulate economic growth in Central America through the Plan Panama Plan, but neither one plan nor the other was realistic and did not have adequate means or objectives. For 2007, both plans were replaced by the Mérida initiative, which supported military training to combat drugs and crime in Mexico.

From the presidency of Enrique Peña Nieto and Barack Obama in 2012, two years later, that is, in 2014, the number of Mexicans who leave the US.UU. It has been greater than those who enter, and the number of Mexicans who go to America has fallen a minimum historically. However, the amount of Central Americans has surpassed the quantity of Mexicans, this unexpected turn prompted the Mexican government to create the new southern border plan 2014. However, Mexican immigration law introduces significant advances in its content that have as its purpose the guarantee and protection of the human rights of migrants, but until today its effectiveness has not been shown.

Article 37 of the Mexican Population Law establishes that international;II. It is required by the national demographic balance … If we analyze the second requirement well a "national demographic balance" is a characteristic that subjective and can reach meaning as if the individual who demanded the national or stay meets favorable characteristics such as a white skin tone, an average or high economic level, it will be granted. If we take into account that 0.9% of the Mexican population is of foreign origin and of that almost one percent of around 900 thousand are of American origin, 28 thousand are Spanish. 

That is, also, when it is mentioned that the immigration status can be changed at any time, there is really talk of a sudden deportation. This is related to unconstitutionality in immigration law. Since the Mexican Constitution establishes in article 11 that every person has the right to enter the Republic, leave it, travel through its territory and move as a residence, without the need for security letter, passport, safe -conduct or other similar requirements this sameLaw is related to the judicial authority in criminal and civil cases, in the same way to the administrative authority that grants the limitations on the emigration and immigration laws or on pernicious residents in the country. 

From the aforementioned, we can understand that the migration law being focused on the administrative authority and being law falls on the Constitution, the difference is that it has the power to limit the right of entry, exit, trips or transit and circulation, betweenothers. It also limits the rights of counterproductive foreigners who reside in Mexico. Therefore, this is unconstitutional. If we analyze migration from a perspective as a human right and not as a issue of national security or threat, labor exchange or as development, it would be easier to regulate it, promote laws and ensure rights. 

In other words, the migrant is currently seen as a workforce, a limitation of development or one of the reasons of crime, but not as a human being that is what it is. It is worth mentioning that the General Population Law policy was edited in 2011, despite the law changes but this does not impose an ideological change in society. In 2018, things began to change, Enrique Peña Nieto took a plan that was named "You are at home". This establishes medical, educational and temporary documentation to put the migratory papers in order. 

Peña Nieto’s successor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, agreed with the plan that was implemented and Trump had a positive position on the subject. This was a drastic change in Mexico, in just a few months more than ten thousand Hondurans, Guatemalans and Salvadorans decided to stay in the Mexican territory, without a clutch, the reaction and acceptance of Mexican society was not expected. However, the law changes but this does not impose an ideological change in society. In 2018, things began to change, Enrique Peña Nieto took a plan that was named "You are at home". This establishes medical, educational and temporary documentation to put the migratory papers in order. 

Peña Nieto’s successor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, agreed with the plan that was implemented and Trump had a positive position on the subject. This was a drastic change in Mexico, in just a few months more than ten thousand Hondurans, Guatemalans and Salvadorans decided to stay in the Mexican territory, without a clutch, the reaction and acceptance of Mexican society was not expected. However, the law changes but this does not impose an ideological change in society. In 2018, things began to change, Enrique Peña Nieto took a plan that was named "You are at home". This establishes medical, educational and temporary documentation to put the migratory papers in order. 

Peña Nieto’s successor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, agreed with the plan that was implemented and Trump had a positive position on the subject. This was a drastic change in Mexico, in just a few months more than ten thousand Hondurans, Guatemalans and Salvadorans decided to stay in the Mexican territory, without a clutch, the reaction and acceptance of Mexican society was not expected. Enrique Peña Nieto took a plan which was named "You are at home". 

This establishes medical, educational and temporary documentation to put the migratory papers in order. Peña Nieto’s successor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, agreed with the plan that was implemented and Trump had a positive position on the subject. This was a drastic change in Mexico, in just a few months more than ten thousand Hondurans, Guatemalans and Salvadorans decided to stay in the Mexican territory, without a clutch, the reaction and acceptance of Mexican society was not expected. 

Enrique Peña Nieto took a plan which was named "You are at home". This establishes medical, educational and temporary documentation to put the migratory papers in order. Peña Nieto’s successor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, agreed with the plan that was implemented and Trump had a positive position on the subject. This was a drastic change in Mexico, in just a few months more than ten thousand Hondurans, Guatemalans and Salvadorans decided to stay in the Mexican territory, without a clutch, the reaction and acceptance of Mexican society was not expected. 

I agreed with the plan that was implemented and Trump had a positive position on the subject. This was a drastic change in Mexico, in just a few months more than ten thousand Hondurans, Guatemalans and Salvadorans decided to stay in the Mexican territory, without a clutch, the reaction and acceptance of Mexican society was not expected. I agreed with the plan that was implemented and Trump had a positive position on the subject. This was a drastic change in Mexico, in just a few months more than ten thousand Hondurans, Guatemalans and Salvadorans decided to stay in the Mexican territory, without a clutch, the reaction and acceptance of Mexican society was not expected.

Racism is a concept and ideology that denies and excludes a specific group of humans, today is studied as a form of social discrimination since it is argued based on biological reasons, for this same reason segregation, exclusion and sometimes are used and sometimesViolence appears for discriminatory purposes. Mexico is a representation that commemorates miscegenation and cultural syncretism. Without a clutch, social policies and attitudes have long last discriminating against our indigenous populations, this is responsible for the Zapatista uprising in Chiapas of 1994, and the country maintains this attitude until today. 

On the other hand, the antimexican nationalist reactions of the American president have promoted a violent reaction in terms of racism and xenophobia against Central Americans in a homogeneous way in Mexico, but spread more strongly on the southern border on the southern border. Xenophobia and racism in most cases is driven by the mass media and / or manipulation in digital networks, this information could be biased or simply wrong and aims to implement a vision in the collective imaginary.

In Tapachula, the main city that borders Guatemala, this discrimination was generalized. The mayor of this area, Neftalí of the Guzmán Toro, argues that the population of Tapachula has stereotypes and blames the Central Americans of looting, vandalism and violence through the city. It was affirmed that between January and August 2017, thoughts crimes committed by the Central Americans were denounced, thanks to this, “terror and fear” was created in the area. 

However, this figure represents only 0.72 percent of the total crimes reported in the state. In addition to this, in the violent manifestation of 2017 against the increase in the price of oil, of the four hundred people detained, only twenty -five were not Mexican. Therefore the business community denounced against the presence of Central American Criminal Gangs, this being an accusation without fundamentals they maintain their position and with them the population of the region. This feeling of rejection and threat has only grows, and people demand the expulsion of Central Americans, as is the case in Tenosique. Given this stereotyped mink of Central Americans both people and law reject them, the case was in the Fray Matías de Córdova Human Rights Center. 

Here a series of bureaucratic barriers were made that hinder the work in terms of the management of favorable conditions and laws for migrants at the Tapachula detention Center. This imposed an international involvement, in fact the UN and several NGOs is fighting for the rights of this group of people. However, the resentment of the Mexican people expanded, since refugees or migrants are provided without barely taking into account the natives of poverty and violence. In the shelters of offers migrants facilities which Mexican residents lack.

In fact, the Mexican population according to the national survey sponsored by The Washington Post and the Reforma Group, says that fifty -five percent of Mexicans agree that undocumented migrants must be deported to their country of origin. Only seven percent want residence in the country. A sixty percent of percent.

In addition to this, Mexico under the pressure of Donald Trump with its threats of refuge tariff. AMLO, took more than six thousand soldiers from the National Guard to the streets to contain the Central Americans in the border cities in a kind of ghetto. This means that undocumented people cannot advance but are not integrated into Mexican society either. These were established on the southern border, in Tapachula, and others the northern border in Nuevo Laredo, in unavailable conditions and that Mexican organizations do not supply such individuals.

Mexico has tried to improve security, migration and develop the economy on its southern border, on a large scale to reduce Trump’s threats given this, migrants and refugees are in a coping of cultural shock and intolerance by the Mexican people. What has caused an inequality of conditions that worsen the relationship and coexistence. 

conclusion

To conclude, after having reviewed the different positions of our country in relation to its immigration policy I can conclude that the Mexico we have today is not economic, or socially prepared to receive migrants, and it is understandable as long as it is for the correct reasons andNot for a racism, or discrimination that should not exist. It is reasonable to establish rules so that both our most vulnerable population and people who want to come to live in our country have the right to a decent life and a social and cultural incorporation.

As we have seen before the Mexican government has put obstacles not to accept these migrants, therefore I question the number of refugees recognized in Le 2017, since we see a drastic change compared to last year, we talk then about almost the tripleOf accepted refugees, it is a fact that is partly due to the tremor suffered this year, but also things in the south were not favorable and the president of Mexico lost popularity.