Patient Hygiene And Hygiene

Patient hygiene and hygiene

The term hygiene designates the set of knowledge and techniques that deal with controlling those factors harmful to the health of human beings, but also when we say hygiene we are referring to the toilet, cleanliness and care of our body or that of any other person orThe one of some environment. Hygiene holds three concrete objectives, improve, prevent and preserve health. Freminville, B. (2007).

Hygiene aims to study the media, procedures and habits to preserve the health of the individual and avoid disease. It is a basic need, which are those that must be satisfied to achieve the complete state of physical, mental and social well -being, which allow the social factors in which the individual lives (definition of health according to WHO) immersed. The needs are hierarchized in terms of their priority achievement and order and basic needs are the basis of the pyramid to meet the others .Gomez de Enterría, J. (2013).

With these activities you always have to take into account a series of objectives that cannot be separated from hygiene techniques. Respect the patient’s intimacy, seek their well -being and provide adequate education, in order that after the care period, the patient or their family are able to carry out these activities for themselves (Chamorro, M. Z. C)

ASEO is that series of care that are provided to individuals to get their cleaning, comfort and pleasant appearance. 

The general objectives of cleaning are, provide well -being to the patient, to promote communication with the patient.

, stimulate circulation. Physical assessment of the skin (color, texture, turgidity, temperature, integrity and injuries), prevent problems such as U.P.P., maintaining proper hygiene, avoiding moisture and hydrating well, while observing the status of the skin, especially in the areas of greatest pressure. Determine self-care capacity, improve self-image. eliminate herbaceous secretion, perspiration, dead cells and some bacteria and microorganisms that have accumulated. We have to keep in mind that the main objective of cleaning the patient is to provide well -being, but it is also time to encourage communication with him and make a review, García Díez, M. (2016).

In the case of the adult, not enough self, the auxiliary and nursing staff will apply the protocols established in the units, plants, residences, centers or homes where they are, which usually follow basic hygienic measures, distributed in a daily bathroom in the morning in the morningand afternoon-notching care.

Morning care, awakening the patient, depending on the situation of the patient, is accompanied to the bathnecessary material to do it .(Ariza, C., & Daza, R. (2008)) Necessary material: towel, discardworm sponge.

Late-nocurnate care, check that the bed is clean and without wrinkles, face washing, mouth and hands before sleeping and if necessary bathroom. Create a relaxed and quiet environment, placement of bell and light at your fingertips, in case you need help.

Hygiene in the autonomous adult, the objectives are to prevent skin alterations and prevent infections. Contribute to the patient’s physical and psychic well -being. Stimulate blood circulation, we must observe the state of hygiene and assess the usual frequency of general hygiene, explore cultural factors that can influence beliefs about the meaning, frequency and way of performing hygiene, communicating to the patient the need for the bathroom and howIt must be carried out, taking into account their cultural beliefs and values. Provide all the necessary material and indicate that it does not lock yourself in the bathroom and inform you about the use of the toilet timbre in case you need us. Evaluate whether hygienic measures carried out by the patient have been effective. Register the incidents and response of the patient.

The hygiene of the patient headed, keep the skin and its annexes clean and in good condition. ,Clean skin to remove body waste, prevent skin alterations. , Prevent infections, contribute to physical and psychic comfort and well -being. ,Stimulate blood circulation, promote adequate muscle tone, educate the patient and family about hygiene care.

Necessary material, clean bed and patient clothes, towels (one bath and one for the face), 2 palanganas. ,1 jug. , Cradle. , Personal hygiene articles: comb, brush, colony, deodorant, etc. , Cortaúñas, dirty clothing car, non -sterile gloves.sponge, neutral or antiseptic pH soap. , soakers and diapers (if necessary), moisturizing cream or liquid petroleum jerk, sterile gauze, physiological serum, clean pajamas or nightgown, dirty clothing bags and garbage, nursing records . Preparation of the material, wash your hands, choose suitable gloves, prepare the material and transfer it to the patient’s room, place non -sterile gloves.

Patient preparation, reassure and inform you of the procedure, verify the correct identification. , preserve and protect your intimacy. , If you are aware, we will inform you and be placed in the right position, depending on your pathology (usually in supine position), determine knowledge about the procedure and if you and your family understand it, request collaboration of the patient and family. ,favor self-care and stimulate family participation if they wish. Maintain the water temperature between 35 ºC – 36 ºC, the ambient temperature between 24 ºC – 25ºC, avoid air currents in the room, protect the patient from fall, put the bed horizontally and the patient in supine position, remove thePillow if it is not contraindicated. Loyal, l. C. (2017).

Execution of patient toilet . Remove the bed of bed in the bed, except the upper sheet. ,undress the patient, always keeping it covered with the countertop sheet, except the area we are washing. The dirt. Wash the face, without soap, proceeding in this order: eyes, mouth, nose, ears .They will be cleaned on their external and posterior, continue through the neck, rinse and dry. It has to be sneaking gently friction, with circular movements. Drying will be done by soaking and not by friction, especially in areas where there is a higher risk of the skin suffering, continuing with the arms, from the wrist to the armpit. Rinse and dry. Approach the Palangana to the patient’s hands, incorporate it and allow him to introduce his hands and be wash them if he can do it;If I couldn’t do it. Dry the hands, affecting mainly in interdigital spaces, check the nail status and cut them if necessary. Change the water, soap and sponge. Wash the thorax, insisting on the submample folds, (in the case of women) and also in the rest of folds in case of obesity or elders. Rinse, dry and cover with the sheet. Wash the abdomen to the English, observing whether there are dirt deposits in the navel. Rinse and dry. Wash thighs, rinse and dry. , wash legs and feet, introducing the latter into the Palangana. Dry the interdigital spaces, check the status of the nails, cutting them if necessary. Change the water, soap and sponge.Wash genitals, always from the pubic area to the anal area, influencing the inguinal region and anal area. In men, correct hygiene from the penis will be carried out, removing the foreskin and cleaning the valical area of the foreskin well. Rinse. If you have a bladder probe, care will be done according to the corresponding procedure. Dry the skin. Back to the patient on side (always controlling caution with probes, catheters and drains). Wash the back of the neck, shoulders, back, thighs and buttocks. Rinse and dry the skin well. Finally wash the anal area, continuing with the backward movement. Dry off. Hydrate the skin with a soft massage. At this time the skin status is valued at pressure points. At this time you take the opportunity to remove dirty clothes from the bed and place the clean. Put the patient supine. Hydrate. Diaper if necessary. Dress with nightgown or pajamas and change the countertop (which protected the intimacy of the patient) without the patient being discovered at any time. Finish the bed, taking care that the coverage clothes do not press the fingers of the feet. Respiratory physiotherapy can be performed and pressure ulcers prevention devices will be placed if necessary. Combing him and facilitating personal toiletries (colony, deodorant …). Leave the patient in a comfortable and adequate position, with easy access to bell and personal objects. Collect the material. Withdraw the gloves. Nursing records on the procedure, date, time, incidents, skin abnormalities and patient response. (Sáez Soto, A. R., Arellano Morata, C., Hernández Ruipérez, M. M., Campos Aranda, M., & López Montesinos, M. J. (2003)).

The hygiene of the different areas of the body that require special care:

• The head washing in bed is the set of hygienic measures performed by the nurse and/or auxiliary to maintain the hygiene of the scalp and hair in a bedroom, which cannot do so by itself.(Loayza, C., & Del Swan, M. (2010))
• The hygiene of the mouth set of hygienic measures performed by nursing personnel in the oral cavity (tongue, teeth, gums, palate and lips), when the patient has limitation to perform his own hygiene. These measures are aimed at maintaining clean and hydrated oral cavity. (Ferreira, R. C., Rocha, e. S., Coutinho, n. N., Freitas Ribeiro, M. T., of Magalhães, C. S., & Moreira, to.. N. (2006))
• Eye hygiene is the set of measures made by nursing staff aimed at maintaining the hygiene and good condition of the eyes. The objective is to provide the toilet necessary to keep your eyes clean and wet. , Avoid ulcerations, avoid desiccation of cornea, irritation, infections, palpebral edemas and corneal erosions. (Arcos Aldás, M. AND., & Castro Cuji, V. M. (2016))
• The hygiene of the genitals is the set of measures made by nursing personnel to preserve clean and in good condition the skin of the perineal zone, when the patient has limitation to perform their own hygiene. The objectives are, keep the patient’s genitals clean, thus covering their hygienic needs, prevent and avoid urinary infections, prevent and avoid ulcerations, contribute to the patient’s well -being and comfort.Raffo, d. (2017). .
• The hygiene of the feet is the set of measures performed by the nursing staff aimed at taking care of the patient’s feet, when it presents limitation to do so, the objectives are, keep their feet clean and thus keep the hygiene needs covered, prevent and avoid infections, prevent and avoid ulcerations, prevent deformations and injuries, improve circulation and mobility and contribute to the patient’s well -being and comfort.(Beovides, T. G., Gourlot, c. R., & Suárez, L. F. R.)
• Nail care is the set of activities aimed at care, toilet and nail hygiene, the objectives are to maintain hygiene and good appearance of the nails, avoid infections, ulcerations and deformities and the maintenance of self-limgen must be cut off the nailsin a straight line in feet and oval shape and avoid cutting them too much.

Method

To carry out this work the information we have obtained from different databases such as Pubmed, Dialnet, Medline, and a bibliographic search has been carried out on the academic Google with the following descriptors, "hygiene" "cleaning" "patient" "headed" .

Results

Respect the patient’s intimacy as much as possible. Close doors and windows. Check the water temperature. Clean as many times as the patient requires it. Fatigue him as little as possible. Drying of skin folds will be thorough, thus avoiding the appearance of ulcers. The moisturizing cream will be put in the long parts of the limbs, the petroleum jelly or glycerin in the pressure zones. In patients with an immobilized upper member or venous road bearer, it will undress starting the free arm. To dress him he starts with the still or venous arm. Dirty clothes will be put directly on the bags destined for it. Never on the floor and we will take care not to approach it to the uniform

conclusion

There are very everyday habits such as handling hands, teeth and showering are essential to prevent diseases. In other words, good hygiene habits are those that provide us with better health and better quality of life. We have to take into account the importance that good personal hygiene can have, we must acquire this custom from children.

Personal hygiene is more than washing your hands, feet and teeth. It also implies from using clean clothes to cover our mouths when we cough, have clean nails . This is essential both to protect our health and that of those around us.