Schizophrenia And Its Complexity Within The World Of Mental Disorders

Schizophrenia and its complexity within the world of mental disorders

Introduction

Schizophrenia is within the group of mental disorders, it has been analyzed and studied in depth since many years ago. This mental disorder has been recognized for many years, within society in diverse cultures;It is a mental illness full of myths and that in the final ends up being quite complex that despite all the studies that have been carried out on this disease there have not yet been precise causes of its origin and much less a cure for this. But thanks to the advances and creation of different techniques and intervention models, in addition to the advances in medicine medicine, this disorder has been treated through both therapeutic and pharmacological interventions.

Society has not yet managed to clarify doubts about the origin and nature of this disorder, and the precision of its etiology, which to the final remains a great challenge for scientific society. Thanks to the application of increasingly efficient and effective drugs, in addition to the new contributions of psychological and social therapies, the effects produced by such disease have been reduced and better quality of life to patients (Belloch, Sandín, & Ramos, 1995)

Developing

According to WHO, “schizophrenia is characterized by a main disorder of personality, a distortion of thought, bizarreusions, altered perceptions, inappropriate emotional responses and a degree of autism. These symptoms are experienced when the person is absolutely conscious and also demonstrates a preserved intellect capacity (Berdasco Berdasco, Pérez Aguilera, Barranco Martos, Vargas Fernández, & Casas Rodríguez, 2010).

Throughout the decades there have been different authors who have defined this schizophrenia disorder, among them we have:

Emilio Kraepelin, considered as the "defining" was the first psychiatrist to conceptualize schizophrenia, this psychiatry professional made a detailed description of the symptoms that schizophrenia could present, among them are: the alterations of thought, alterations of attention,Emotional alterations, negativism, stereotyped behavior and hallucinations. This disorder was considered by the author as "Demetia Praecox" which had a unitary conception in which several disorders described above met, such as: catatonia (described by Kahlbaum), dementia paraniode (described by Sander) and Hebefrenia (described by Kecker) (Belloch, Sandín, & Ramos, 1995).

On the other hand, Bleuler classified this disorder again, in which he alleges that one of the most striking characteristics is the disintegration of different psychic functions and not so much the progression towards a latent state. He considered this syndrome not as a progression towards dementia, but as a particular situation characterized mainly by the disorder of the association and by the unfolding of the basic personality functions;He emphasizes that in schizophrenia there is no lack of affectivity and that it is more important than what was thought (Arieti, 1965).

Adolfo Meyer claimed that Praecox dementia is the result of an accumulation of usual disorders or false reaction habits, where the individual is not able to face the problems and difficulties of life and has to face the failures;This was called substitute reactions. Meyer was right to consider schizophrenia as a progressive pathological adjustment (Arieti, 1965).

Carlos Jung was the first who contributed outstandingly to schizophrenia. Conceives the possibility of a psychosomatic mechanism in metal disease. According to Jung, it is not an organic disorder that produces psychic disorder;On the contrary, emotional disorder produces an abnormal metabolism that causes physical damage to the brain;He also stated that the basis of our personality is affectivity. From his thinking schizophrenia was due to an unusual force, and that a common number of atavistic tendencies do not conform to modern life (Arieti, 1965).

Diagnosis of schizophrenia

To establish a diagnosis, it is established that a minimum of six months must pass to be able to diagnose this disease;This disease is diagnosed with its effects and patient behavior (Berdasco Berdasco, Pérez Aguilera, Barranco Martos, Vargas Fernández, & Casas Rodríguez, 2010).

The diagnostic criteria are:

Have two or more symptoms that occur below:

• hallucinations
• delusional ideas
• disorganized language
• negative symptoms
• Catatonic or disorganized behavior (Berdasco Berdasco, Pérez Aguilera, Barranco Martos, Vargas Fernández, & Casas Rodríguez, 2010).

This disorder usually begins at the end of adolescence and at the beginning of adulthood, the average age is usually 23 years in men and 28 in women. It affects approximately 1% of the population (Lieberman, Stroup, & Perkins, 2010).

The observations made through longitudinal and transverse studies have led to the conception of two psychopathological areas of reproducible symptoms: that of positive symptoms and that of negative symptoms. Positive symptoms are hallucinations, delusional ideas, disorganized league, catatonic behavior and symptoms;While negative symptoms are affective fluctuation, language poverty, anhedonia and abulia (Lieberman, Stropa, & Perkins, 2010).

Personal contribution

The schizophrenic usually presents a pre -morbid personality with schizoid or paranoid features, that is, the subject develops strange ideas and behaviors, social isolation, loss of interest, school or labor problems, etc., which can become disabling (Cuevas, 2006).

Schizophrenia has been and remains a subject full of uncertainty, since, due to the lack of information about its complex origin, in addition to being unknown its causes and a possible cure, it creates concern in society. Once the disorder has been manifested in an individual, he begins to progressively lose his functions and abilities. People who suffer from this disease show terrifying symptoms, they begin to listen to voices, they can think that someone else can control or manage their mind, that someone is conspiring against him.

The severity of the disease can incapacitate in some way a person, because the symptoms over time become more and more severe, both therapeutic treatment and pharmacological treatment are of vital importance for the control of saidSymptoms, but these treatments must be followed to the letter.

One of the very important causes for the possible development of schizophrenia is the hereditary component, since if a close relative with said disorder can increase the possibilities that the person can acquire this disease. The family history must be investigated to have a clearer idea about the disease.

On the other hand, the environmental factor in which an individual develops is essential for the development of said disease, although an individual can properly develop somewhere in his evolutionary life, he can present some symptoms as it evolves.

conclusion

The fact of addressing this disease so complex, full of social and cultural stigmas, that despite all studies and efforts to find both causes and a cure, it makes us reflect on the role of science in these studies, although it hasThere have been many advances in the scientific field in relation to this disorder, schizophrenia remains a topic full of uncertainty. In general, schizophrenia implies a disorder or abnormality in the structure and physiology of the brain, which produces these hallucinations and irrational thoughts. The person cannot execute many activities in an organized way, which produces confusion and chaos in their behavior.

Bibliography

• Arieti, s. (1965). Interpretation of schizophrenia. (R. Brunner, ed., & E. Riesco de Valdivieso, trad.) Calabria, Barcelona: work s. A. Retrieved on April 24, 2019
• Belloch, a., Sandín, b., & Ramos, F. (nineteen ninety five). Psychopathology Manual. Volume 2 (Vol. two). Aravaca, Madrid: Lavel, S. A. Graphic industry.
• BERDASCO BERDASCO, N., Pérez Aguilera, M. M., Martos Barranco, to., Vargas Fernández, D., & Casas Rodríguez, R. (2010). Nursing tutorial (Vol. two). Humades from Madrid, Madrid: Publicep s. L. Retrieved on April 24, 2019
• Cuevas, a. M. (2006). Relationship between personality and schizophrenia: Cloninger Model. Psychological thought, 2. Retrieved on April 24, 2019, from https: // Search-ProQuest-com.UCUENCA.IDM.OCLC.org/docvieww/750061875/239EBEA001CC4BE4PQ/3?ACCOUNT = 36749
• Lieberman, j., Strup, s., & Perkins, D. (2010). Schizophrenia treaty. (L. Editores, ed., AND. Goicoechea races, M. Codony weddings, and. Morós Marín, or. Nadal Rafart, F. Rodríguez Vida, & M. Vinaixa Crevillent, Trads.) Barcelona, Spain: Ars XXI Group, S. L. Retrieved on April 24, 2019