Water Supply Study

Water supply study

PURPOSE

The present work arises from the need to solve the problems in the collection of drinking water that will affect the future Emerald Valle urbanization, due to the growth of the population and the antiquity of the supply system (through groundwater), which would generate A supply interrupted in certain moments in the population, which even its health situation is conditioned in the not too distant future. This is how it is expected by analyzing two alternatives, the improvement and expansion of the current supply system for the drinking water supply system, with the purpose of satisfying the demand for total water, for the URB. Esmeralda Valley. As the first analysis and alternative, the deepening of the existing tubular well is projected, due to the possible descent of the water table. This as a consequence of the exploitation of underground water resource in the last ten years. The analysis and alternative evaluates the possibility of projecting a new collection work for the water supply system, for each of its components, from the location of the new well, the submersible pump, power of the pump, and other components that comply The requirements that future demand merits.

INTRODUCTION

Water is essential for life, health and human dignity. In extreme situations, it is possible that not enough water is available to meet basic needs, and in these cases it is of key importance to supply an amount of drinking water that is sufficient to ensure survival.

In most cases the main health problems are caused by lack of hygiene, which in turn is due to water failure, and contaminated water consumption.

Unpleasant water smells and flavors are eliminated by oxygenation. Bacteria are destroyed by adding a few parts per million chlorine, and the taste of chlorine is eliminated with sodium sulphite. The excessive hardness of water, which makes it unusable for many industrial uses, is reduced by adding weak or hydrated cal, or by an ion exchange process, using as softener. Organic matter in suspension, with bacterial life, and the mineral matter in suspension, are eliminated with the addition of flocculant and precipitating agents, as alumin, before filtering. Treated water storage (Nelson) The storage of treated water has the function of compensating the time variations of consumption, and storing a strategic volume for emergency situations, such as fires. There are two types of treated water tanks, tanks supported by the soil and elevated tanks, each endowed with dosing or hypo chlorator to give it the treatment and make it suitable for human consumption ‘Water is very good.

Consumption advance is an amount that covers the amount of water supply billing and responds to the economic obligations contracted. This amount will be returned to the client to the end of the contractual relationship, by means of the express request of the same and as long as the obligations have been fulfilled. Understanding that it is long term.

The origin of water

Water is one of the distinctive components of our planet, its molecule is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen and its chemical formula is H2O. About 70% of the land surface is occupied by water. This is indispensable for all life forms, without which the phenomenon of life would not have happened. Water and life establish an indissoluble relationship; This strong and total water dependence is reflected in the fact that living beings are mainly formed by water. During the formation of the Earth, the energy released by the clash of the planetsimals and its subsequent contraction due to the increase in gravitational force caused the heating and fusion of the materials of the young planet. 

Series preamble

The conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and the eradication of extreme poverty are two of the main challenges facing the world today. The international community has recognized that these two challenges are interrelated and require a coordinated response. The protection of biological diversity is essential in the struggle for poverty reduction and sustainable development. 7% of the world’s poor live in rural areas and depend directly on biodiversity for their survival and well -being. The impacts of environmental degradation are more pronounced for people living in poverty because they have few essential alternatives to combat these populations that live in rich areas in diversity, financed by those who benefit from them. services.

Definition of water suitable for consumption

Water suitable for consumption is one that does not contain any element in quantity or concentration that is harmful to our health.

Objectives and scope

Water is the most precious natural resource. It is essential for all human needs, including food, the availability of drinking water, sanitation, health, energy and housing. Good management of water resources is the most pressing challenge of all those that refer to nature. Without water, there is no society, there is no economy, there is no culture, there is no life. By its nature and multiple uses, water is a complex problem. Although water -related problems are global, problems and solutions are often very local. This guide focuses only on one of the most important aspects of water: its use by humans for consumption. Many of us never give enough importance to a water source. 

Drinking water and poverty reduction

Water that can be drink without risk of immediate or long -term damage is essential for humans. Without food, we can survive weeks. But without water, we can die of dehydration in just a few days. Water is rare often. Although water covers approximately 66% of the land surface, it is largely salt water and, therefore, is not potable. Fresh water represents less than 2.5% of the total planet water, and only a small part is available for the multitude of human uses, most is trapped in ice cream caps. This part of the usable water is also distributed very unequally. About 2.800 million people, or more than 40% of the world’s population, suffer from water scarcity. The shortage is expected, measured in terms of water per capita available, worsen where the population continues to grow significantly, in sub -Saharan Africa, South Asia, parts of South America and the Middle East.

The water cycle

We cannot conserve our water resources without first understanding how water flows in the environment. The water cycle refers to the movement of water in the land area, up and down, in the form of ice, liquid water and water vapor. Water constantly evolves sober and under the ground, evaporates to the atmosphere, mainly of the plants, then recycled as rain or snow. It is the main means by which 0.027% of the fresh water of the Earth remains available for all worlds, including human rights for food production, for industry and economics, to support ecosystems in healthy conditions and for many other needs. It was able to drink, that depended on the day, has been circulating since its first appearance on the planet.

The relationship between biological diversity

The term ‘biological diversity’ refers to the different plants, animals and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystems in which they are found. Water and biological diversity are interdependent: an interruption of one or the other naturally leads to its interruption. As a lifetime depends on water, the hydrological cycle governs how environmental functions are fulfilled. Or more simply, stay alive. In turn, vegetation and soil regulate the movement of water.

The elements of good practices in the drinking water sector

Clean water without pollution, bacteria or other degrading agents. The good governance of the quality water economy of quality is a fundamental prerequisite to achieve the above and in which the cooperation of private sector companies (especially promoters), the government for all levels, institutions, institutions public, indigenous and local communities, NGOs and other relevant actors have fully taken into account.

The quality and availability of water:

• Invariably, ecosystem degradation is the main cause of water quality loss and, in many cases, the decrease in water availability. It is often better and more lasting to solve the problem at the root of the problem than dealing with the consequences.
• Access to drinking water is an important dimension of water availability involved in multiple socioeconomic considerations (especially poverty) and human rights.
• Sanitation and other effects of human activities on water resources are closely linked to the provision of drinking water.
• Groundwater, which is not visible, should not be omitted: drinking water management for current and future needs.
• The increase in population and changing needs of consumers not only in terms of drinking water, but also food, energy and consumer products have important implications for planning and can sometimes affect the sustainability of activities. Current drinking water supply.

Legal and normative instruments

A common approach to water supply and quality problems is to establish criteria, which are then applied through legal and regulatory instruments. This requires the establishment of quality criteria and quantity of water, its verification, the verification of the causes of regulatory infractions and their influence on behavior, through regulation and compliance.

Integrated management approaches The ecosystem approach

The ecosystems approach developed in accordance with the Biological Diversity Agreement is defined as an integrated management strategy for the extension of the earth, water and living resources that promote conservation and sustainable use in equitable way.

• Convention on the Protection and Use of Cross -Broady Water Courses and International Lago.
• Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and Biological Diversity Convention for all ecosystems.
• United Nations Convention on the Right to Use International Water Courses for Non -Navigational Purposes United Nations Convention on Water Courses.
• Convention on the Protection and Use of Cross -Border Water Courses and International Lakes, 1992 Convention of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe on Water Courses: one of its amendments, not yet ratified opens the non -member country of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.

Economic, financial and market -based instruments

Drinking water, no matter how it is done, it costs money. The financing of this offer is an important limitation in developing countries and a significant investment in developed countries. Improving water management often requires that certain groups of people change their behavior to benefit others. A mechanism for encouraging behavior change is to transfer user payment incentives to suppliers to achieve drinking water objectives. 

Policies and strategies

• Do your methods recognize the role of ecosystems and their regeneration in the sustainable supply of drinking water, or do they mandatory?
• Are the tools available, or are you being encouraged / legislating its use by interested parties, for integral soil and water management (integral management of water resources, sustainable forest management, ecosystem approach, integral development))? basins)?
• Are they complete?

CONCLUSION

There is no life without water, says the principle of the European Water Charter of 1968. Water is an essential natural resource for natural ecosystems and different socio -economic activities developed by human groups.

As mentioned in the presentation of this module, the amount of water on the planet is constant, it only changes state and its distribution varies in the global hydrological cycle. However, in all the waters of the earth, only 3%, a lower percentage if we only take into account what circulates in the rivers, what is in the lakes or what is confined in accessible aquifers, is considered water sweet. However, there is a considerable amount.

Unfortunately, its distribution is not very homogeneous and we find areas of the planet where this resource is very rare. In some cases, shortage is not due to tight inventories, but to a growing demand, greater than the supply. At the same time, the amount of water is reduced if its quality does not make it appropriate for the purpose for which it is intended. This is due to degradation and pollution processes (salinization, nitrates, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, wastewater, etc.), which may have different origins and causes. A date that corroborates this shortage is that today, for various reasons, almost a fifth of the planet’s population does not have access to drinking water.

Drinking water is a basic human need. Unfortunately, more than one in six people still do not have reliable access to this valuable resource. The problem is particularly serious in developing countries.

This project examines the state of the world water supply and what can be done to improve it.

The resources section indicates the location of water on Earth and how these areas can be protected. The types of resources available also determine the types of administrative techniques that can be used to make the most of the last drop of water.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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