World War I or World War II

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World War I
The World War I (WWI) has been called many names, including the “The War to End All Wars,” “First World War,” “Great War” among others. This war went global, and it involved many countries throughout the world. It started in 1914 and ended in 1918 and took place in different locations including Europe, Pacific, Middle East, the shores of Baltic Sea, Atlantic, North Sea, Africa and the Mediterranean. Over 120 million soldiers were involved in the war (Aksakal 34). About 16 million people including civilians lost their lives in the war. Reportedly, the war was triggered by many factors including protection of economic status, ethnic differences among the Balkans, Franco-Prussian War, Military leaders among others. Since the Ottoman Empire played a crucial role in the war, this paper seeks to focus on the participation of this empire.
The Ottoman Empire was one of the key powers of the WWI. The empire included itself in the war by surprise. It conducted an unexpected attack to Russia which was another central power of the war. This triggered the war as a new force was now participating (Lohr 153). The empire attacked Russia from the Black Sea coast in October 1914. On the other hand, Russia stated a serious retaliation to the Ottoman Empire to teach it a lesson.
The retaliation of Russia to the Ottoman Empire was aided by nations such as Britain, Eastern Europe, and France. It happened in November of the same year.

The empire had engaged in some pacts with some central powers. This meant serious wars since other nations came to help it (Sanborn 297). With the support of a secret alliance, the empire resisted a factor that made it survive. In December, the empire began to fall apart. A revolt against the Germans emerged as a result of a formulated conspiracy which had led to the killing of the CUP leaders.
Another conspiracy was organized by the empire where Von der Goltz, the leader of the German Military survived. During these secret conspiracies against the Germans, the Ottoman army was strong and stable. Enver Pasha, Talat Pasha, and Cemal Pasha were the leaders of the Ottoman military (Sanborn 289). They kept the army firm by uniting different units of the Ottoman Empire. The empire engaged in the war with an intention of overrunning Georgia, capturing north-western Persia, occupying the oil fields and capturing and taking control over Kars as well as the Batum.
While in the middle of the war with the Russians, the Ottoman was weakened by the persistence of the war. The Russians planned a series of warfare which took place from 1916 to 1917. This war led to the death of over 60, 000 military men (Sanborn 291). The Ottoman employed a new strategy where he decided to keep his army silent and conduct silent attacks. The army commanders regrouped the militaries and planned an attack which aimed at saving Baghdad as well as Palestine. It is notable that these two nations were captured by Britain and therefore were taken into control. The empire began negotiating with the Russian and Britain to release these two nations in 1917.
On December 1917, Russia and the Empire signed the Erzincan Cease-fire treaty. This agreement had it that the two nations would stop any form of armed conflict and ensure peace. On March of the following year, the Brest-Litovsk Agreement was signed by Talat Pasha. The treaty obligated Russia to end any form of attack to any Ottoman unit. In mid-1918, a section of the Ottoman army became offensive to Armenia. The opposition team of the Armenian army retaliated by violently attacking the Ottoman’s army. A series of very serious battles was ignited. There were the Bash Abaran warfare, the Sardarapat warfare and the Kara Killisse battle (Lohr 154). These three battles were intense as compared to other battles that took place before. In May of the same year, the Armenian National Council (ANC) stated and signed the Democratic Republic of Armenia. This newly formed republic was forcefully made to sign the Batum Treaty.
In July of the same year, the empire was faced with serious Dictatorship while trying to secure Baku out of Britain. Since the British have attacked and were in control of Basra since 1914, the Ottoman Empire saw that the nation was gradually weakening its unit and will eventually take it down (Aksakal 39). The British noticed that the Ottoman military was weak and it lacked a firm leader. It organized a series of wars starting from 1917, and by 1918, the empire was already weak.
In conclusion, the Ottoman Empire was active in the war since this was the era of its modernization. However, due to intense pressure and persistence in the battleship by other nation, it was weakened. Notably, the empire engaged in serious war with Britain, Russia, France, Eastern Europe. In 1918, the pressure was an intense factor which led to its dissolution. Even though the empire did not retreat abruptly, it was gradually weakened and by 1921 was fully dissolved.Works Cited
Aksakal, Mustafa. The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Lohr, Eric. Nationalizing the Russian Empire: the campaign against enemy aliens during World War I. Vol. 94. Harvard University Press, 2003.
Sanborn, Joshua A. “Unsettling the empire: violent migrations and social disaster in Russia during World War I.” The Journal of Modern History 77.2 (2005): 290-324.