Cloning Naturally And Artificial

Cloning naturally and artificial

Introduction

Cloning refers to the creation of genetically accurate copies of molecules, cells or human beings naturally or artificially. Taking all this in mind, it can be noted that this issue is not easy to discuss, however, the point of the controversy in serious question is the good or bad cloning? Each individual has an opinion about whether or not it is correct cloning to another human being. The idea of producing multiple copies of identical organisms from a genetic point of view, all descendants of a common predecessor, creates, in most people, a negative moral reaction. 

Because someone would like to do something like that is the most recurring response found in the surveys and are usually negative responses, but it is due more than anything to a misinformation of the said surveyed regarding the matter or by religious beliefs mainly, but butIt is something that cannot be avoided is only a matter of time to see the results, it is worth mentioning that the vast majority agrees with the advances that can bring to the population the collation.

Developing

Types of cloning

While there are several types of cloning we will only take into account two seeing them from a point of view in a position for and another against. The first type of human cloning would be related to therapeutic purposes which consists mainly of generating organs, tissues or cells in order to cure specific diseases in humans, in the practice of the process it consists of taking a stem cell in whichExtract the chromosome containing the DNA and is fertilized in an ovule in it, where it begins to divide to create new cells which will be implanted in the affected person to regenerate the sick cells.

The second type is cloning for reproductive purposes which is based on giving life to a new human being that has the identical DNA that is already developed, however, this has not been applied in humans only in animals, since it is muchMore complex to perform and according to studies it is not so sure for the clone to remain alive, this is where couples who decide to have a biological child Oh those who have a problem related to genetic diseases can have a biological childhealthy, in which there would be the possibility of cloning a dead relative or someone with a specific characteristic.

Cloning as beneficial in medicine

Over the years, progress has been made in cloning with benefits for medicine it all began with animals experimentation, but how is this possible? The cytoplasm the area surrounding the nucleus of an unrubted ovule has the capacity to reprogram. But it was believed that this capacity was lost when he was fertilized. A fact that demonstrated these two statements was the cloning of mammals that had only been achieved using ovules without fertilizing their nucleus and the one of another adult cell that wanted to clone was inserted. Thus, different animals have been cloned such as mice, sheep, monkeys … and even human embryos.

The fact that no one could have cloning fertilized ovules suggested that it was an unfeasible objective. And it has been this way until Malitalipov, from the University of Oregon, has taken a step that others did not know how to give. The study where this is possible, published in Nature magazine, will cause hundreds of scientists to try to replicate what they have achieved: cloning from a two cell embryo. And in this way fight to achieve a common goal: a therapeutic cloning in humans to reprogram adult patient cells.

With this technique, healthy fabrics could be developed that replace those damaged by a disease and without a risk of rejection because they would be identical to those of the patient, our purpose was now to prove that in addition to the ovules oocytes the cytoplasm of the embryonic cell also retains theirability to reprogram.

Human cloning from the moral and ethical point of view

This is an issue that can open to a debate of all those who are in favor of cloning and the many others against and mainly all those who profess a religion as we had previously commented at the time they were asked toQuestions in the surveys For example in the Catholic Church cloning as reproductive as the non -reproductive is condemned where it is said that God is being removed all powerful to create life. Another important point is ethics, since the human has always tried to do more than the allowed always challenging nature where you could fall into the illegal sale of clones or more lucrative purposes.

Dolly

We cannot talk about cloning without taking the precedent of the case of the Dolly sheep cloning was carried out at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. This experiment was disseminated by the media before it was formally published in Nature magazine, which caused many researchers. When appearing in Nature, the impact of the study was also relevant in the scientific community. However, Ian Wilmut’s achievement and collaborators was not easily accepted by researchers and many remained skeptical for a good time.

Countries carrying out cloning experiments

In the case of Mexico, it is necessary to create laws and allocate resources for the investigation of cloning in order not to fall backwards. As for Mexico

In the context of the approval of the so -called Mexican Institute of Genomic Medicine, the Senate of the Republic rejected the prohibition of investigating embryonic trunk cells proposed by the Chamber of Deputies. The result was received with approval by the majority of the scientific community that saw the freedom of research in political groups threatened that of good or bad intention intends to be erected as representatives of the Catholic Church, majority religious cult in the country.

For me, the main arguments of those who are against prohibiting all kinds of cloning focus on a discussion around "human dignity". In my opinion, it is obvious that a concept of such nature greatly transcends the limits of a serious scientific discussion. The arguments of the discussion refer to cultural appreciations related to good and evil.

However, human cloning has also received a lot. On the other hand, the DR. Roberts Winstong Sterility Professor at the London’s Royal Grade School has criticized the warmth of the British authorities in terms of cloning human embryos, pointing out the danger that many of the best brains in the United Kingdom abandon the country to continue theirjobs. 

Juliet Tizzar, of Professional Trust, an organization that supports research related to reproduction technology defends the so -called therapeutic cloning. If half of what is said about these new techniques to treat degenerative diseases were true, it would be immoral not to continue research. Another support came from researchers at Duke University in North Carolina, United States, who pointed out that human cloning can be less complicated than in most animals thanks to an important genetic difference.

conclusion

The authors say that while most mammals, especially the most frequently cloned animals sheep, cow, mice, etc. As we had already mentioned in previous paragraphs inherit a gene with an active factor 2 growth receptors, humans and primates have 2 active genes of that class. For the human being and their minor relatives, this decreases the risk of fetuses growing, as is the case with animals that only one IGFR2R has. 

To close this controversy the dr. Antinori points out: mine is a cultural and scientific research project that does not go against medical schools or against the laws of any country. I can guarantee up to 99% that in no case will I produce a monster, insist the DR. Italian who is sure that he would prove it in 2003 or no later than 2004. Can anyone stop it? It is a question that only time answers.

Finally, I consider that we must understand that cloning is only one more step that must be in humanity in the not too distant future, and we must understand that beyond being in favor or against, it is a step thatSooner or later it will have to be given, and when this step is given so that the whole society is able to handle and use human cloning for our own benefit.

Bibliography

• Carlos, Rivera Williams 2004 . Opinion article, Human cloning Science and Culture 
• Dr. Antinori 2004 . Cloning, science, 62
• Dr. James f. Drane.2017 Considering in detail the ethics of cloning 
• Nature, 2014.Cloning