How The State And Nation Are Related

How the State and Nation are related

Summary

This Rapporteur is treated on the nation states, citing authors who have previously written about this issue;First I will give meaning to some concepts that are part of this issue, in order to have a broader and more complete perception about the theme addressed;Then, I will bring important components of this broad concept, as they are, the story to make known how these states were created, the reason for why they endured in time and, finally, if they are currently in crisis. Also, bringing with him the effects and consequences of globalization on these states.

Synthesis

Humans are social beings by nature, for this reason, they have always sought to join, first in their family groups, then organizations can be brought in different contexts;States can be a clear example, because they are historical forms and which are important in today’s world. The nation-state, according to Ledezma apart from being a modern product, is corresponding to a political community model based on the grouping of these two concepts, the State (political entity) with the Nation (in relation to a cultural community).

First, the definition of the central concepts to be discussed, in order to obtain a total understanding of the text will be left.

The State is called a human community established in its own territory, which has an organization in which relations with its members are respected, has a power of action and command.

This concept has its origins in the peace treaties that were carried out in 1646 known as the "Peace of Westfalia" in seventeenth -century Europe;It is called the first modern diplomatic congress that gave structure to the European order established as an important part of the states in sovereignty, this, contrasting feudal thoughts and generating the nation states.

On the side of the nation concept, for Palacios it brings five dimensions: psychological, cultural, territorial, political and historical;Considering the nation as a community, which shares a visibly delimited project and a common culture.

Now, focusing on the concept as such the nation-state arises from the crisis of the feudal political order;The disappearance of servitude, as well as the loss of prestige of the feudal lords and the Catholic Church, were some of the historical facts that determined the end of feudalism. The transformation of this political order was conditioned and backed by economic interests and commercial relations;This situation was unacceptable in its entirety and even more when the religious were added to this. The crossing of appointed events gave way to armed conflicts between 1618 and 1648, which are known as "The Thirty Years War", which ended with the already appointed peace treaty of Osnabrück and Münster.

The state-state model that has been modified for 400 years, exhibits the legislative, executive and judicial and, constituted of the three classic elements: sovereignty, population and territory ’’ ’’. Thus, the reasons associated with this concept are broad and encompass, on the one hand, an idea that comes from the citizenship components, and, on the other, the cultural-ethnic and traditional understanding of national identity.

These states, according to Boge, Brown, Clements & Nolan cited by Nieves, have a double role: ” An external function, consisting of serving as a basic unit for the international system and, an internal function, which consists of providing security andestablish the internal order for the benefit of citizens ” 

Criticality

Now, in the last two decades they have challenged in one way or another to the state-nation as the only source of power and authority over democracy and citizenship, these are, globalization and postmodernity. According to Jaramillo, these twin situations that generate pressure, vanished the existing limits of the rights, the duties of citizenship and the ways of democracy linked to it, so, it had to extend the concept of citizenship. These states constantly use historical distortions, this with the intention of generating new forms of citizenship or even the same exclusion;Two clear examples are ethnicity or imputation of nationality. This, breaking down and bringing to light the obsolete existence of a model of political and cultural state, which is not related to the current and inevitable reality of notorious multiculturality in today’s states;Well, Ledezma affirms that the nation states are a modern political entity, which aims to unify the different identities in a single citizen identity, predominantly the power and domain of a single ethnic group. In this sense, Stavenhagen, cited by Ledezma points out about it:

[…] We live in a world divided into several political territorial units (called modern states) that have become the main actors of the international system. However, within the borders of most of these states there are numerous ethnic, national, racial, linguistic or cultural groups, which are not identified with the predominant model of the nation-state, or that are not completely accepted as members ofthis state or the nation that claims to be or represent, or that they are actually excluded from it. In fact, most independent states that exist today are composed of more than one ethnic group;This diversity constitutes a challenge for governance and the prevailing concept of the state-nation itself.

Intertextuality

From this moment, I expose the reason why the nation states are in crisis;This is due to the phenomenon of globalization, putting national sovereignty in critical condition, since the state-state is not enough to protect its territory as usual and, much less, give guarantee to its power composed of decisions.

The reasons for the transformation or wear. 

As I said before, it is necessary to put ourselves in context on the concepts discussed in this Rapporteur, in order to have a clearer and more broad idea of the subject. Therefore, globalization is a phenomenon, which is experienced throughout the planet and that develops in an unequal way between certain areas of the world and certain countries

It is a multidimensional phenomenon leading to great transformations, for example, economic, cultural, political, social, military, legal, etc. It produces the development of a new economic configuration of the world, which affects the independence of national economies, creates relationships in transnational social spaces, joins large extensions of territories and thus allowing an exchange in local, international and global context. 

Textual production

That said, we are currently facing a reality;In state-state the existing wear of sovereignty in different contexts and for several factors.

In the internal sovereignty of the State, it is transformed by substate media, such as global cities and regions. On the other hand, the external sovereignty of the State is manifested regarding the reduction of its self-determination to apply global policies compared to those marked by supranational organisms. For Rayón ” the loss of sovereignty of the state-nation does not imply the establishment of a global or supranational government of global, there are even serious difficulties when setting global policy, since it is necessary for countries to agreeIn a series of aspects ”.

Now, these are remarkable changes in the fundamental pillars or bases of the nation:

As for the population, new changes must be contemplated, citizens who have dual nationality move around the world and demand their rights in all states;Another context is given in the territory, with the phenomenon of globalization, the concept of border is left aside and the territory is not the limit. Outside the hands of the State, it remains of the control over the jurisdictional function, thus giving more importance to supranational entities;According to Rayón (2018) ´´The legislative function is no longer monopolized by the State and a normative pluralism arises and, likewise, the ‘paradiplomacy’ appears as a form of interaction between countries, twinning between cities and towns, etc.’’

Raised this, the rupture of the ancient paradigms that brought the states-nation was verified. However, taking into account the wear and tear that in one way or another have had these states, not on saying that the states-nation in close time will not disappear;Well, these states continue to be a truly important actor in the current world order, since the political influence demarcated by national areas, where unions, parties and civil society are valid;But he is going to think and in turn producing a rethinking of the role that the State fulfills.

Exposed this situation, political philosophy must continue with the task of seeking another way of ordering the political, since the modern State remains the institution with great power and is far from being replaced.

It is important to emphasize that apart from the states, national entities are also part of this worldwide phenomenon, for example organisms such as NGOs, because it is a phenomenon that unite the economy with administrative, constitutional and international law.

References

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• Ledezma, i. M. (2011). Nation-states, subaltern identities and interculturalism in Latin America. Leader: Regional Development Interdisciplinary Work Magazine, (18), 53-67. Recovered from File: /// C:/Users/Desk/Downloads/Dialnet-Station Innovation Subaltern Interculturali-4745935.PDF
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• Jaramillo Echavarría, R. A. (2014). Citizenship, national identity and nation-state. Lasallista Research Magazine, 11 (2), 168–180. Retrieved from https: // doi-org.iue.DedatoszProxy bases.com/10.22507/RLI.V11N2A18
• Rayón Ballesteros, María Concepción. (2018). Globalization: its impact on nation and law. Right Legal Magazine, 7 (8), 19-37. Recovered from http: // www.Scielo.org.Bo/Scielo.PHP?script = sci_arttext & pid = s2413-28102018000100003 & lng = es & tlng = is
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• Marín Gonzales, José. (2006). Brief history of the state-nation and integration policy in Europe and Latin America1. Recovered from http: // Perso.UNIFR.CH/RIGHT/ASSETS/FILES/ANUARIO/AN_2006_18.PDF