Mohandas Gandhi And His Contribution To The Independence Of India Of British Domain

Mohandas Gandhi and his contribution to the independence of India of British domain

Introduction 

The present monograph is main to analyze and answer the central research question. To what extent Mohandas Gandhi contributed to the independence of the British domain India? This with the help of reliable bibliographic sources will be investigated about the actions and facts led by Mohandas Gandhi so that India achieves its emancipation.

In the first instance, several actions will be taken into account that preceded the actions of Gandhi, which cover previous situations that India had opted to achieve its independence, such as the first uprising by the Cipayos, which failed, but increased theIndependence feeling and only managed to restructure the British administration in India, causing it to be directly governed by the crown. Similarly, the various situations that influenceHe, emphasizing that no use of any kind of violence was made for this.

Likewise, mention will be made to the main actions that Gandhi had to make so that this independence is achieved without a drop of blood, since it never resorted to violence to solve the various conflicts that did not allow emancipation. Rather, he used other media such as: strikes, national stoppages, fasting that almost cost his life, civil disobedience and the imposing boycothing to the British monopoly called the salt of salt, in turn all these facts were accompanied by thevarious political organizations to which Gandhi used such as the Indian National Congress, which in its beginnings was led by him but, with his withdrawal he entered into crisis and an opposition party formed the Muslim league, being these parties crucial part to achieveIts objective of civil disobedience, through the march of salt, where it taught the population to obtain such a precious grain that for the British it represented the main source of income that exploited from India.

Developing

During the nineteenth century, in 1857 a fact occurred that marked India, which symbolizes the first independence uprising against the British by the Cipayos [Footnoteref: 1], which despite failing had several repercussions which caused the British to reimplant their army, the financial system and government administration resulting in India becoming governed directly by the British crown and becomes a colony of it, after several years of various independent manifestations In 1885 an Indian movement emerged in order to form the Nationalist Party of Congress, which began as a forum to discuss, coordinate ideas and actions between British Indians and colonizers later Congress became a political party getting several important achievements, But not enough to grow the independence feeling, however for the crown the India represented An imposing source of fortune, since all its riches was exploited by taking advantage of what was invested, which is why at the beginning of the 20th century, at the time of Jorge V, emperor of India and King of the United Kingdom, the Society was unequal, because the English on their part obtained greater privileges with respect to the Indians themselves, this being one of the reasons why the antibritanic feeling was increasing, so in World War I these two two Societies, English and Indians in such a way that India supported Great Britain with more than one million soldiers but after numerous casualties and serious economic problems only made the nationalist feeling grow more, despite the fact that the British grant them the ownership of the least important ministries and the promise of a gradual autonomy. [1: Cipayos: Indian soldiers of the Eastern Indies Company]

Mohandas Gandhi, who had studied laws in London, in 1891 he returned to India and years later he was sent as a legal advisor to Durban, South Africa, where he remained from 1893 to 1914, since around five thousand Hindus who lived there were treated as treated asA lower breed, Gandhi quickly treated the situation and after several attempts in 1914 the South African government recognized Gandhi’s demands and the situation improved his journey through South Africa, returned to India;After having been chosen as the leader of Congress in 1919, a new law was approved that drastically changed the situation because Gandhi was totally opposed to this since he threatened against the freedom and civil rights of individuals, which is why he launched an imposingpeaceful resistance that caused it to be arrested and released in a short time.

In 1921, a chain of armed agitations was triggered against Britain, which ended in violence, which is why Gandhi expressed the fiasco of his main ideal civil disobedience, ending it, however again he is imprisoned in 1922 and released in1924;During his arrest, the Indian National Congress entered into crisis and the Muslim League opposed to Congress was created, in view of this Gandhi had chosen to abandon political life, but in turn as a persistent strategy, he continued making a series of tours ofSome peoples where he encouraged his doctrine to non -violence and civil disobedience, however again he was pressed by the nationalist feeling and in 1930 he directed one of the imposing actions that would lead to the independence of India.

The march of Salt was a massive event that happened over twenty -four days in 1930. The action was based on civil disobedience. (…) The march culminated in the sea where the millions of participants evaporated the water to get the grain. That act represented at the same time the symbolism of ‘La Sal in Freedom’ and the freedom of man. With acts like this, people felt united and useful for a cause that transcended personal benefit. The observers, supporters and opponents could only be amazed at the facts. 

After leading this imposing action, it is arrested again and released in 1931, a year later Gandhi takes up his actions and initiated a campaign of civil disobedience, so he was arrested twice that same year and while he was deprived of liberty, he carried out what was carried out whatHe was considered as a "mortal fast", being replaced from his role as the leader of Congress in 1934, again abandons political life and is then that he returns to communities preaching his doctrine of non-violence but in 1939 he resumed his political life withThe purpose of influencing and forcing Prince Rajkot to change his autocratic regime, in other words to impose his authority. He made a fast for which he almost dies, but managed to make the demands granted by the British government.

In order to recognize India as an independent nation, the Indian National Congress and Gandhi, propose to support Great Britain, so that it faced the inconveniences caused by World War II, since it had begun;For the year of 1942 Japanese troops had invaded some Asian territories, Gandhi, observing that India was in the same way, asks the British to leave their country, with the sole purpose of being able to use their own resources in case of arouse, CongressHe opts for the same and therefore Gandhi is again arrested in 1942, in his stay in the prison his wife dies and enters a severe anxiety for what the British in order not to have conflicts with the people who already asked for the release ofHe himself grant him freedom in 1944 for health reasons.

The nationalist desire was closer and closer, since the British government granted independence only if the differences between the two opposition parties present in India, the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League were resolved, the only way to achieve it was dividing into twoIndependent states of India and Pakistan, at first Gandhi disagreed, but considered that it was right if freedom was certified in such a way that in 1947 India achieves its independence from the British domain to the edge of a civil war.

 Mohandas Gandhi’s trajectory

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, politician and Indian thinker, later called Mahatma (‘Big Alma’ in Sanskrit) was born in Porbandar (current state of Gujarat) on October 2, 1869. (…) After having followed in his homeland a regular course of studies at Kathiawar High School, he studied law at the University College in London (1888-1891). In London he joined the vegetarian society being part of the Executive Committee, which was interested in philosophical and religious issues interested in Buddhism and Hindu Brahamism. He also read books about Christianity and Islam but what marked his life was the reading of the Bible and the Bhagavadgita. 

After two years they travel until they lasted, South Africa, where he works as a legal advisor until 1914, where he was terrified by the abuses to which the Indians were subjected. The various racial discriminations that had to suffer as an Indian and as a person of color caused that he had to discuss not expected issues such as the claim of the rights of man, he began to expand the policy of peaceful resistance and civil disobedience, nevertheless observed thatThese methods were not adequate for their main objective and for that reason in their various conflicts with the government authorities of South Africa, I used the Satyagraha resistance method, which aims to seek the truth, in 1914 the governmentSouth African granted several of the demands made by Gandhi in favor of the Indians, given their work in South Africa returned to home.

First manifestations of nonviolence

After returning from South Africa, he undertakes a recognition trip throughout India, Gandhi, where he founded the Satygraha Ashram, the British authorities acquire an emergency power to deal with the so -called subversive proceedings, through the approval of the lawsFrom Rowlatt by Parliament, Gandhi is elected leader of the Congress in 1919 and had managed to extend his satyagraha doctrine which expanded throughout India winning millions of followers, a massacre by the British ended with a demonstration against thislegislation,

When the bills were approved, Gandhi made a national call to a peaceful protest strike for 24 hours: the immense colony, which then had more than four hundred million people paralyzed. On April 6, 1919 it was a day full of prayers and fasting throughout India. The British authorities did not give credit to the force and power of the leader’s call. How did he achieve it? He was a small and thin man who laid the foundations for independence in South Africa. The English knew their capacity and did not consider him a minor enemy. 

Regardless of being strupked abruptly by the police, thousands of citizens were around India sitting on the streets and refused to get up in this way the main streets of the city, which is why they arrested Gandhi, however the BritishThey were pressured to release him in such a short time.

The economic domain that the British exerted was too notorious so that the economic independence of India was a key factor in determining a total sabotage to the British products, part of what Gandhi called Swaraj movement (self-government), this in turn had howend increase the flowering of Hindu artisanal industries since the exploitation by the British industries to the peasant Indians originated great poverty and in turn the destruction of the India industry, which is why the wheel was used as a symbol of theReturn to humble peasant life, which was based on the resurgence of India’s own industries, such as manual spinning.

The safeguard that Gandhi used non -violence or Ahimsa was considered as a strategy for Great Britain to look at the uselessness of oppression and abandon India.

However, not all of them absolutely conceived the doctrine of Ahimsa, which is why a series of armed campaigns towards Great Britain, which were a total catastrophe, to the point that Gandhi is arrested again in 1922, ending his disobedience campaigncivil and manifesting the fiasco of the same .

Because Congress was in crisis during Gandhi’s stay in jail, they get the Muslim community to withdraw support to the Indian National Congress and create the opposition party in 1923 (Muslim League). After being released in 1924, another journey began by his nation, he abandons the political life he carried. He consecrated in transit by several peoples of India with the sole purpose of encouraging and raising awareness in citizensIndependence through nonviolence, if we die we live;If we kill we will never live ”(Gandhi, 2001), for most people he was considered a chosen one, a saint, a prophet and was treated as such, however he was involved again in the nationalist feeling, where he imposes one ofThe most shocking acts of nationalist feeling

The imposing salt of Ps 1930

In March 1930, Gandhi convinced millions of Indians to refuse to pay taxes particularly to which the salt represented, thus proclaiming a civil disobedience campaign again, since the British crown made a rigorous privilege on it, since they abusedIts position and control over the production and marketing of this product, which taxed it as a tax too high

Gandhi toured several kilometers to the banks of the Arabic sea, takes a handful of salt and with that noble gesture invites all the people to abstention from the payment of taxes notwithThe Government made some authorization to its requests, thus modifying the laws that salt represented it, and for which that same year it travels to London to deal with issues related to independence, representing the National Indian Congress.

CASTA SYSTEM ATTACK 1932

For 1932 Gandhi again takes up civil disobedience campaigns, because the British wanted to spread a new constitution for India, in which voters would be divided by culture and religion and in an appendixMuslims as untouchables, who were not considered part of the caste system, however Gandhi did not agree since they were committing an illegality, which is why despite being part of another caste together with members of other other members of otherCultures decide to support them for what is arrested again twice and while in the prison I practiced an fasting one that was considered an "fast to death". The situation became more tense, people were desperate and willing to respond violently if necessary, but Gandhi insisted on continuing and maintaining their behavior from Ahimsa, which is why in the end the English do not promulgate this new constitution.

In 1934 he decided to retire from active political life and was replaced by Jawaharlal Nehru, however, he again undertakes a trip through the peoples promulgating the doctrine of Ahimsa and the equal recognition of the untouchables.

A few years later, in 1939 he resumed the policy to influence and force Prince Rajkot to change his autocratic regime, which from Gandhi’s point of view was on the soils, that is, he wanted the prince to impose his authority, for whatThat as the first act it was a hunger strike where he made an fast that almost cost his life, sick too much, people seeing the delivery and dedication Gandhi put in each of his marches or hunger strikes began to join eacheven more and to exert pressure on the British authorities, which is why some of the demands were granted.

Latest steps for the emancipation of India

Years later, World War II arrives, for which Gandhi together with the Indian National Congress proposes to support Great Britain in exchange for being recognized as an independent nation, in the same way Gandhi said he would not want the independence of IndiaOn the ruins of England, but Great Britain rejected this proposal, despite India was in danger of being attacked by Japan who had already invaded some countries in Asia and Burma, so Gandhi asks the British authorities for the freedom of his peopleIn order to be attacked, they could defend themselves on their own, the Indian National Congress also entered into protest against the British authorities with motto very similar to Gandhi’s message “Abandon India!”For this reason Gandhi was arrested again in 1942 with his wife and leaders of Congress.

There was a lot of fear between much of India since Gandhi who was delicate health is arrested again at the age of 73, in his stay in prison A fast and his secretary died, which had accompanied him for almost 3 decades;His wife became ill and subsequently died in 1944 while Gandhi was still in prison, which is why he entered a state of anxiety, the British when he saw this and feeling pressured by the people who asked for the liberation of Gandhi grant this desire of thePeople that same year for Gandhi’s health reasons.

The independence of India was getting closer and closer in that year the British crown agreed to grant autonomy in exchange for the two rival nationalist members, to resolve their differences, the only exit they had was the division of India into two statesIndependent, according to the predominant religions, the Hindu in India and the Muslim in Pakistan, various migrations from Pakistan to India and vice versa gradually mark independence, and in 1947 the British grant the precious autonomy to the edge of a possible warcivil. Gandhi begs Muslims and Hindus to live peacefully but does not succeed and in his various attempts to avoid this on January 30, 1948, the fact that not only marked the country does not only marked the country if not the whole world, Gandhi who always practiced his usual prayer,Is murdered.

The independence of India after having had several background that increased this nationalist feeling, adopts a new leader, in turn with a very peculiar way of achieving its objectives, Mohandas Gandhi who is better known as Mahatma, had managed to overcome one of themore imposing barriers that increased the support of this entire nation, as it achieved its objectives in South Africa through nonviolence, and civil disobedience, after terminated this mission, Gandhi returns with a new mission even more higher than the previous one,The independence of India of British domain, the entire nation supported and supported him, which is why through hunger strikes, national strikes, fasting, and non -cooperation with the colonial government, they made Gandhi the most representative figure ofAll this independence.

On the other hand, it is evident that Mohandas Gandhi not only contributed to the independence of India, but rather was the main actor within this achievement, since, without his peculiar campaign of non -violence, the goal could not have been achievedmost important for him and for India.

It is important to recognize that Gandhi’s action led many other feelings, such as the division of India into two independent states, which would evoke the British an advantage to satisfy his power with it, however all these actions not only helpedIndependence, in turn managed to unite a whole nation, to be part and achieve a common good, the salt march, more imposing and decisive action to achieve freedom, as well as the various national stoppages that Gandhi headed, inset with manifestations, and abstinences or in turn the fasts who cost them life, were the most representative moves for this independence to become evident without using violence.

In addition, this achievement would not only help India be colonially free but that it endangered it and on the edge of a civil war, which would generate a catastrophe if it was not treated, Gandhi, keeping this new operation ongoing this new operation is unfortunatelymurdered, which is why this action is unfinished, however the death of the same had a worldwide reach, which helped to make this method more popular and that many others welcome it.

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