The History Of Property And Commerce

THE HISTORY OF PROPERTY AND COMMERCE

In feudal society there were 3 classes: clergy, warriors and workers. The workers were responsible for maintaining the lifestyle of the other two classes. The workers were in charge of the field, mainly they were farmers or

They were in charge of caring for sheep to use their wool. At this time the earth was divided into fiefs, each fief was owned by a man;The fief is divided into the lands of the Lord and the lands of the tenants, these were in which the peasants worked. The tenants did not work only their land, but they worked that of the Lord. The Lord’s land was the most important, the servants were available to their Lord;They were not slaves as such since they had certain rights, but lived in the misery and full service of their lord. The servant had family, home and the use of some land. The servant worked the earth and the Lord exploited the servant, the servant despite possessing his land could not dispose of it as he wanted there were mutual obligations between the Lord and the servant that should be fulfilled.

The Lord was usually only a lessee since he did not possess the earth, but that this era of a king to whom he had to account. The peasants had to pay taxes for practically each activity and needed to perform the Lord’s permission. The Church is also very important since it had land and increased its wealth through tithes;A reason why priests could not marry was not to inherit land and that these would no longer belong to the Church.

The Church and the nobility were the ruling classes. The Church gave spiritual help and the military protection nobility and this peasant classes were charged in work.

At this time there was money and people with money, but this was used very little and did not get invested;The fief was self-sufficient;It was a consumer economy in which each feudal village was practically enough for itself. Produced and consumed everything that required. There was an exchange of articles, this was carried out in the weekly market, these were under the control of the bishop or the Lord and it was there that the leftovers could redeem this activity was never essential since it had several inconveniences such as the payment of taxesto travel along the roads, their bad conditions and the difference in equivalences since money did not commonly travel. However, there was a time where this changed, the population increase and the crusades helped this to change, the gentlemen when they returned to their land began to wish the products of other regions. From the commercial point of view the results of the crusades were very important since a large number of merchants appear, the demand for foreign items increases. The introduction of money was an extremely important change since I facilitate the change of articles, it was much more practical. One of the most important effects of trade increase was the growth of cities. The cities are born;The mobility of money increases, trade and relationships become more agile and land possession ceases to be as important as before. The inhabitants of the cities wanted freedom The growing middle class was in charge of gaining ground and managed to seize cities, there were guilds, which were closed circles of merchants which were the law and were imposed. For this to be possible there was a radical and of the utmost importance that was the mobility of money, it began to be used more importantly. By forming money, an important part of daily life began to lend with interest, the usury had an important boom, although the Church said that it was a sin since it was against Christian morality to take advantage of the need for others;But usury with a moderate interest managed to be accepted by civil and ecclesiastical laws. The plague that occurred in Europe in the middle of the fourt. Then, in the same century, there was the revolt of the peasants: although it was defeated and many were sentenced to death, the cause of the peasantry won a lot in force and in position. The peasant seeks to free himself and change his living conditions, crafts ceases to be as before something that could be done at home, the work is specialized, the artisan unions arise in which the difference is given by levels: teachers, teachers,Apprentices and day laborers. This division of labor leads to a classes division in which some have greater privileges, greater strength and are responsible for pressing the poor classes, the dominated classes join to demand their rights;The class struggle is given as such.

When trade grows, merchants need protection of bandits and assailants, thus a central power is proclaimed with the necessary means to defend the right to free trade, thus arises the need for a king. Real armies are professionals and need to be paid at a high price, the monarch needs to go to the economic rates and loans from merchants. Then in the process there are different events such as the devaluation of money, which was practiced by the king. The devaluation meant reducing the amount of gold and silver in the coins, this results in prices. This situation causes commercial flow to be altered, that merchants are not interested in reaching countries where the devaluation was given. The discovery of the New World managed to change this situation since the flow of gold and silver increased and commercial routes were expanded.

The great companies of merchants appear, from them the great fortunes and the richest and most influential families of that time arise. This large flow of money caused the value of money to decline because it offered more. Given this situation much of the population opt for the life of beggars. The development of trade and industry and prices revolution had made the most important money than men, and the land was now considered as a source of income. Market expansion created an intermediary, whose work was to make the articles produced by the workers reach the consumer. He is responsible for getting the raw material and takes over the finished product. The intermediary uses a method in which artisans work the material in their homes to this is called domestic. Each worker has a particular task. He does it and does it again countless times and as a result he is an expert in it. The State arises as such and with it the need for each nation to seek how to get rich, wealth was based in gold and silver, these were the precious metals that gave wealth. In order to increase this wealth, protectionist laws were conceived that tried to safeguard it. Mercantilists gave great value to foreign trade always seeking a balance in which much more will be exported than it imported. The fruit of commercial politics was war, the struggle for markets, competition for government. "In all the contests and disputes that in recent years have come in this corner of the world, I have found that, although the intention has been good and spiritual, the last purpose and true purpose were gold, greatness and secular glory.". The Archbishop of Canterbury in 1690.The publication of Adam Smith’s nations richness expressed the disagreement of the restriction, regulation and repression of the mercantilist system. Men with money wanted to use it as, when and where they wanted … the increase in productivity comes through the division of labor, the division of labor increases or decreases according to the extension of the market, the market extends to its maximum limitsthrough free trade.

Therefore, free trade brings the increase in productivity. In France there were 3 states, the clergy, the nobility and the people. The nobility and clergy enjoyed privileges and the people had to pay taxes to keep these classes, the people in turn were divided into workers and peasants and the growing middle class, the bourgeoisie. The people were fed up with high taxes and exploitation by privileged classes so he undertook a fight. The French revolution in which the peasants and workers had the strength but needed the middle class guide, the middle class had money and education and sought to abolish the right by birth that reigned at that time, the revolution was a struggle of the bourgeoisieTo get to place in the chasm and be able to develop all its power.