The Mexican Revolution And The Luis Potosí Plan

The Mexican Revolution and the Luis Potosí Plan

“The ejido was a Spanish institution transferred to America also based on the community property of a well -delimited field or property. As these laws were not applied except for exception, and the system parcels when extended absorbed, huge amounts of land formed the immense estates. ”(Ciudad & Yacham, 2005).

The positioning of the lands from the Spanish domain, extended to the Republic with the estate regime. From Independence, the disagreements were maintained that would later be the main trigger for the revolution, it should be noted that indigenous people were maintained in a situation of marginalization and inferiority with respect to the white population. When the agricultural, livestock sector and establish capitalist relations around production in the specific field (salaried work, commercial crop production, capital investment in agricultural property, and the growth of economic infrastructure in rural areas),

The yearnings of the Mexican nation can be inferred, they were overshadowed by ambition instead of ensuring the interests of the nation, they opted for capitalism exploiting the raw material.

The Mexican Revolution was partly the product of peasant misery detonated by the desire to seek integrity, social peace and reasoning before the constant threat and disturbances of a nation that lived in misery to which the Mexican revolution later unleashed.

It should be noted that in addition to this the Catholic Church approved this law in order to relieve the discomfort of the government creating a cleaning in the governmental part, however, these events bring discomfort to the indigenous, agricultural sector due to influential inequalities in society.

This law had the mission of increasing the Mexican economy as its neighboring country did the United States, and which production was at a very accelerated level. The economy grew significantly the land produced by experts.

It is sought to give validity to the possession of properties and land. Likewise, each occupy of having to pay evidence or contracts that validate their assets and take into account the type of activities that are carried out within them. When establishing this law there were no number of complaints by the people who occupied the land at that time. The law establishes the legality of the lands, but some heirs who did not have legality of their lands were made available to the State as a consequence those that possessed large extensions of land were left with nothing while other owners of large land occupied them only few people being evident the inequality and distribution.

On the other hand, the critical condition in the economic sense in which Mexico and its inhabitants were proclaimed when this law was proclaim.

“As a result, most of the buyers were foreigners who took the opportunity. In this way, a landowner era began, in which the large producing farms were at the hands of wealthy people with Mexican labor. ”(Alejo Marino, 2018)

In response to this, the main sectors of society dedicated to livestock, agriculture and mining had as a flag the political and social rights that made Mexico a single nation against oppression by the government.

Mexican Revolution

This event is one of the most transcendence stages in Mexico not only for the armed struggle against the Government but rather includes a struggle in favor of legal and legal constitutional rights Some of the researchers agree that this revolutionary movement caused many social changes And that little by little it became a civil war recognized for being the armed conflict that occurred between 1910-1917.

It is important to add the main causes that led to the revolution in the political context there was no political freedom, that is, the Mexican nation did not have the right to vote for any party or candidate within federal and state states. Established by Diaz, although it is true the Mexican economy grew significantly without clutch the wealth was distributed at the hands of some while the people died of hunger. Despite the small impulse in higher education, the quality in popular education was in descent under the command of porfiriato more than 80% of the population was illiterate.

There was no freedom of expression. The press was absolutely forbidden to issue any type of comment or opinion against the Government it is of total importance to add that the strikes were strictly prohibited for all sectors. Not to mention the bad working conditions notwithstanding when the workers demand their rights and suggest a greater benefit were repressed with brutality. Most workers had to meet long days up to more than 12 hours for a monetary value of 75 cents.

The Mexican revolution ended a long period of liberal governments around the economic and authoritarian. The repression exerted by the Government of Díaz, the violence and exploitation of the landowners, the growing state of inequality, the bad quality of life and the constant decrease of salary to the peasants began the revolution. Added to the electoral fraud by Porfiriato which triggers the following events:

"Fraud that so far were endors (These influential groups were losing confidence in Díaz, believing that their social disapproval could cause destabilization of political and social economic order).”(Carmagnani, Marcello, 1984).

When Díaz announced that he would not apply for the presidency in 1910 in the country, he hoped to see a new Mexico in charge of the opposition in charge of Francisco Madero’s candidacy, one of the main actors of the revolution of the presidency candidate, as Response to this Porfirio determined to deny his resignation. The elections with F were held. Madero conditioned on freedom, Diaz assumed the presidency to which he would be elected for 6 more years. Madero fled to the United States and in June 1910 he announced the San Luis Potosi plan whose purpose was to eradicate the uprising against the Diaz dictatorship.

“Madero, from his exile, summoned Mexicans to get up in arms on November 20, 1910 in the afternoon, against Díaz’s dictatorship, to establish a democracy with free elections.”(History Encyclopedia, 2019)

Luis Potosí Plan

It should be noted that the plan included the return of the land to the peasants who were affected by the injustices establishing free choice and democracy. Among the main points of the Potosí Plan includes:

“The ignorance of Porfirio Díaz as president of Mexico; Madero’s appointment as provisional president of Mexico, until democratic elections will be held; Reverse the effects of the law of vacant land, which had affected a large part of the peasant population, stripping it of their lands; Propose the principle of non -presidential re -election. ”(History Encyclopedia, 2019)

It should be noted that the overthrow of the dictator gave Diaz would not have been possible without the intervention of social leaders on the one hand Emiliano Zapata-leader with revolutionary ideals whose objective was to put an end to the porfiriato with the motto:

"Better die standing than living a kneeling life" or "the earth is for those who work it". (Adrián BUTS, 2018)

They are some of the emblems that frame the history and that drives revolutionary movements throughout the twentieth century.

In 1909 he was elected president of the Board of Defense of the Land of the People of the Town, an organization that aimed to end the tyranny of Diaz, who snatches the lands and properties to give them to companies and landowners.

Main actors of the revolution

It is estimated that only 8% of Mexicans own their land. For his part, Pancho Villa was one of the actors whose ideals marked the course of the Mexican nation in total disagreement to oppression.

“In 1910 he joined the cause of Francisco I. Madero in his fight against the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz and demonstrated an innate ability to war. He defended and promised the peasants the return of the unjustly snatched land during the prolonged Porfirist dictatorship.”(National Institute for Federalism and Municipal Development, 2017).

The Mexican revolution sees fruits in 1911. With the fall of Porfiriato they are forced to flee to Europe, the Mexican population celebrates victorious one of the most truthful stages. Proclaiming himself as president Madero, who did not compare the needs of the people and the main revolutionary groups that ended up with Diaz.

“For years he was part of bandit groups, until in 1910 he met Abraham González, representative of presidential candidate Francisco Madero who was against Díaz. At that time, Pancho Villa realized that he could use his bandit groups to fight the owners of the haciendas. ”(Adrián Burslargas, 2018).

Regarding the problem of inequality Madero points out:

“That the main obstacle to economic progress and social equality was in the absence of political freedoms so that organizations of workers and peasants could legally defend themselves from the arbitrariness of patterns and landowners, express themselves through the press, and press with their political participation For a solution with the government.”(Charles C. Cumberland, 1977).

Within the Maderista proposal it is clear that the fall of the dictatorship did not imply indications of democracy The Madero program proposes to correct the exclusion of the main public positions ruled by the Diaz dictatorship.

“He stood out, rather, as a tenacious and enthusiastic organizer of the partisan project, as an effective coordinator in the link tasks, and with his initiatives to develop new proposals for action. He was not the only opposition politician who had acted against the dictatorship, or fought to democratize the regime, but the most consistent with this idea and desire to do it. ”(Don Francisco I Archive. Log. Epistolary, 1985).

Emiliano Zapata Tildo de traitor to Francisco Madero, who cannot be content and please the revolutionary desires of Zapata. As soon as Madero assumed the presidency in November 1911 the revolutionaries in charge of Zapata proclaimed and ruled the Ayala Plan. Which dictates the new agrarian reforms veiled by the Constitution by the Government. Through its emblematic motto "Earth and Freedom".

Faced with this situation F. Madero proclaims Victoriano Huerta Commander of the Northern Division. Huerta gives up him to meet his duty with the rebels through the Citadel Pact, which was signed at the United States Embassy. Return to Mexico to address pending issues with Francisco I. Madero and José María Pino Suárez, who renounced their duty before Congress on February 19. Victoriano Huerta de General happened to be president of the nation. The rebellion in Victoriano Huerta spreads.

On February 19 Huerta meets with the American ambassador Lane Wilson at the United States Embassy with the aim of recognizing Huerta as the country’s internal president as a consequence Huertas became the president of all exception of Venustiano Carranza on the 21st of February the supreme cut I accept as orchards.

On February 22, 1913, Francisco I are killed. Madero and José María Pino Suárez It should be noted that this event leads to a series of events mentioned below:

“The news of the murders outraged the nation. Many, including Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, Venustiano Carranza, and northern northern. Due to the murders and their clear cover -up, many abroad began to question the legitimacy of garden. ”(Universal, 2020)

Given this situation, Huerta was obliged to leave the presidency at the end of the regime orchards the flows and revolutionaries fight each other. This historical process is known as the stage of constitutionalism:

In 1914 the revolutionary division was divided as follows:

Venustiano Carranza becomes the first head of the Constitutionalist Army; Francisco Villa, for winning the struggles of greater relevance against Victoriano Huerta and asking for land distribution; On his part Emiliano Zapata, because he demanded compliance with the Ayala Plan.

In October 1915, the United States recognized Venustiano Carranza as a government, but once the main revolutionary leaders fail to content them with the Carranza government later Villa and Zapata come together again as a symbol and representation of the agricultural sector to end the presidency of Carranza However on this occasion the Carrancistas manage to win armed struggle against both leaders and main promoters of a revolution that I carry approximately two million victims. Zapata was killed in 1919, and Villa in the year 1923.

Political Constitution of the United Mexican States

On February 5, with the military force on his side, the Constitution in Mexico by Venustiano Carranza was enacted, as a product to the revolution movements since 1910. The way to follow from the first Constitution in the year of 1917 was not a product of democracy, or a nation in peace and harmony. The new Constitution arises on May 1, 1917 through a series of revolts, before a devastating reality in it guarantees the rights of all Mexicans after a long period of struggle and constant unbalances both political, social and economic.

According to the history of the Constitution of 1917, this was the first to include social rights, thus marking an antecedent for the rest of the world, which gave it the recognition of "the first social constitution of the twentieth century". (Perez, Rafael, 2015).