The Occupational Therapy for Children Questions

The Occupational Therapy for Children Questions
Reflective outline I
What are the four themes that characterize occupational therapy practice with children and adolescents?
Relation between participation and sensory processing
The concept of dysfunction and function,
Evaluation approaches
Sensory integration theory of development
What is the definition of child-centered occupational therapy, as defined by Law, Baptiste, and Mills?
Freedom is given to the child by the therapist to make choices.
T/F: The strength-based model can lead to increased self-efficacy and self-determination. True.
According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), services to preschool and school-aged children should be in:
Free appropriate public education.
According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), services to infants and toddlers should be in:
 Early intervention (E.I) services
T/F: Research has shown that intervention strategies that occur in real-life settings produce greater developmental change than those that take place in more contrived, clinic-based settings. True
According to the evidence, what two service delivery models offer the most flexibility for school-based services?
Traditional model of service delivery.
Service Model delivery.
Which school-based service delivery model includes such benefits as embedding occupational therapy services in the classroom curriculum and daily integrated services for students with individualized education plans?
It allows the provision of both direct and indirect services (Case-Smith at el.

149).
T/F: According to Case-Smith, the best approach to an assessment is “top-down,” which means the evaluation process begins by gaining an understanding of the child’s level of participation in daily occupations and routines with the important people in their lives.
True.
In an ecological assessment of a child’s function during class, where is the assessment completed?
In both school and home
What evaluation component involves obtaining information about the child’s developmental and functional strengths and limitations through informal interviews and observation?
Neurovascular assessment.
What evaluation component utilizes standardized evaluations, structured observation, and focused questions to parents and caregivers?
Cultural assessment.
What evaluation component analyzes underlying reasons for limitations in performance and behavior?
Psychosocial assessment.
What evaluation component involves the assessment and observation of the environment?Safety component
What is the primary occupation for children?
Handwriting
List the four elements of a “just-right” challenge:
Interwoven people interaction with the environment
Conference theme
Sharing of beliefs
The dynamics.
17. The only role of assistive technology is to compensate for missing or delayed function in children. Eases things for people with disability
When is a system change in education most accepted?
It has a positive impact on the education (Case-Smith at el. 179).
Reflective outline II
If not inhibited, which reflex may lead to difficulty with donning/doffing shoes and socks?
Adhesive capsulitis is the reflex condition that affects the hip joint. It is characterized by of the steady loss of submissive and active motion of the hip that is caused by retraction of the capsule of the fibrous join (Case-Smith at el. 178).
If not inhibited, which reflex may lead to having “ants in the pants” while seated at school?
Galant reflex. It encourages the development as well as the movement thus facilitating the motion of the hips. It also aids the baby in crawling. When it is not inhibited, it has a great impact on the children (Case-Smith at el. 186).
If not inhibited, which reflex may lead to rigidity in routine and hypersensitivity in sensory systems?
Moro reflex enables the body to respond effectively for instance in flight, fight, fright, whereby the response is crying for the children (Case-Smith at el. 169).
If not inhibited, which reflex could case oral sensitivity later in childhood?
The rooting reflex. The main purpose of the rooting reflex it to help the child during breast feeding process (Case-Smith at el. 175).
If not inhibited, which reflex could impede manual dexterity and affect handwriting?
Palmar grasp. The reflex can be obtained by the fetus in utero as early as 16 weeks to the gestation period and last up to when the infants are 5 to 6 months old (Case-Smith at el. 175).
If not inhibited, which reflex could cause difficulty in development of mature walking patterns?
Plantar grasp reflex.it is characterized by flexion after the foot of the infant is gently stroked. It occurs at birth, but it should last for six weeks only (Case-Smith at el. 135).
If not inhibited, which reflex may be responsible for gravitational insecurity?
TLR- tonic labyrinthine (Case-Smithat el. 135).
If not inhibited, which reflex may cause on overflow of oral movement during fine motor activities?
Babkin Reflex. The reflex consists of moth rotation as well as the head flexion as the way of responding to the pressure on the palms of their hands (Case-Smith at el. 157).
If not inhibited, which reflex may interfere with bringing hands together at midline?
Traction- stimulus (Case-Smith at el. 136).
If not inhibited, which reflex may interfere with creeping/kneeling?
The symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR). It occurs at the early ages of the infants and lasts for about two to three years. Its implication is that it causes focusing difficulties to the infant more so when focusing the near object (Case-Smith at el. 129).
If not inhibited, which reflex could cause an uneven distribution in weight?
Soleus H-reflex (Case-Smith at el. 136).
If not inhibited, which reflex could cause a scissoring gait?
Purpose of Positive support reflex. It is an inborn reflex which enables the infant’s leg muscles to contract straightforwardly when the child is standing or when the balls of the feet are in contact with the surface. The infant’s exhibit this type of reflex at the time of birth which enables them to move their legs once they are held in a standing position are tilted forward (Case-Smith at el. 139).
Which reaction is seen when an infant, with its vision occluded and body tilted to one side, moves its head in the opposite direction of the tilt to maintain alignment with the body?
Head righting reaction. The righting reflex also referred to as the Labyrinthine righting reflex, is a reflex which alters the adjustment of the body when it is distorted from the normal upright state. It is inducted by the vestibular arrangement, that recognizes that the body is not vertical and makes the head to roll back into condition as the rest of the body accompanies (Case-Smith at el. 177).
Which reaction is seen when an infant, held vertical and tilted to the side, orients its head to a vertical position?
Optical righting reaction (Case-Smith at el. 152).
Which reaction is seen when an infant, in supine with head in midline, will turn its entire body in the direction it turns its head?
Traction- stimulus (Case-Smith at el. 145).
Which reaction is seen when an infant, supine with head in midline, will log roll in the direction it flexes its arm/leg across body?
Crossed extension stimulus (Case-Smith at el. 158).
This reaction occurs when, in any position, an infant’s balance is disrupted; the response includes lateral trunk flexion in the opposite direction of the tilt?
Flexor withdrawal response (Case-Smith at el. 161).
This reaction is seen when, during a disruption of balance, an infant extends its arm to brace a fall?
Protective Extension protection. It is one of the child developmental processes which enables the children to withstand the loss of balance. Basically the infant straightens the hand for firm support (Case-Smith at el. 149).
Work cited
Case-Smith, Jane, and Jane Clifford O’Brien. Occupational Therapy for Children And Adolescents – E-Book.